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%Include "plotit.sas" / NoSource;

TITLE 'EX9_5 - An Example using Multidimensional Scaling';
DATA CARS;
 INPUT #1 MAKE $ 1 - 9 MAKE_MOD $ 1 - 24
        #2 PRICE ET $  HP TIM1 TIM2 TS BRAK1 BRAK2 SP SS MPG;
CARDS;
Acura NSX
  68600  V-6 270   5.8  14.0 168  120  200  .87  62.3 18.0
Alfa  Romeo 164 Quad
  36690  V-6 230   7.6  15.8 150  150  268  0.77 59.3 17.5
Audi S4
  43750 I-5t 227   6.5  15.0 130  147  246  0.83 60.0 16.0
Bentley Turbo R
 174900 V-8t 315   7.1  15.5 128  147  253  0.73 56.8 11.5
BMW 850CSi
  98500 V-12 372   5.9  14.4 155  135  220  0.89 62.0 13.0
Bugatti EB110
  35000 V-12t 611   4.4  12.5 207  112  209  0.99 64.3 16.0
Buick Riviera
  27632  V-6s 225   7.9  16.0 114  139  254  0.75 57.9 19.0
Cadillac Eldorado Touring Coupe
  41535  V-8 300   7.2  15.3 150  138  249  0.78 61.7 16.0
Chevrolet Corvette ZR1
  65318  V-8 375   5.6  13.9 178  142  256  0.91 63.6 19.0
Chrysler LHS
  28254  V-6 214   9.1  16.8 112  153  275  0.73 55.0 19.0
Dinan M5 (BMW)
  60700  I-6 382   5.6  14.1 160  122  216  0.87 63.1 14.0
Dodge Viper RT/10
  50000 V-10 400   4.8  13.1 160  156  261  0.96 62.7 14.0
Ford Mustang Cobra
  23535  V-8 240   6.9  15.3 140  130  236  0.87 61.1 18.0
Honda Prelude VTEC
  24500  I-4 190   7.1  15.4 139  137  242  0.84 61.7 24.0
Infiniti Q45
  44000  V-8 278   7.5  15.6 150  159  272  0.81 59.5 18.3
Jaguar XJR-S Coupe
  73000 V-12 318   7.0  15.2 167  137  225  0.86 59.3 12.0
Lincoln Mark VIII
  38800  V-8 280   7.6  15.8 130  137  248  0.77 59.9 17.0
Lotus Esprit Turbo
  67345 I-4t 264   5.3  13.7 167  121  225  0.86 60.6 16.0
Mazda Millenia S
  31400  V-6 210   8.0  16.1 142  151  269  0.80 59.8 21.1
Mercedes 600SEC
 132000 V-12 389   6.6  14.8 155  125  240  0.75 54.6 13.5
Mercury Villager
  21798  V-6 151  13.4  19.4 115  178  293  0.76 55.4 19.0
Mitsubishi 3000GT VR-4
  40900  V-6t 320  5.7  14.2 159  122  218  0.86 63.7 16.3
Nissan 300ZX Turbo
  39500  V-6t 300  6.0  14.4 155  124  279  0.88 63.0 18.7
Olsmobile Aurora
  31995  V-8 250   8.6  16.5 135  131  244  0.81 57.3 18.0
Plymouth Grand Voyager LE
  22883  V-6 162  10.7  17.8 112  161  285  0.68 51.4 15.0
Pontiac Firebird Formula
  24279  V-8 275   6.7  15.1 150  123  279  0.85 60.4 18.0
Porsche 911 Turbo 3.6
  99000 F-6t 355   4.5  12.9 174  126  223  0.91 61.6 15.0
Saab 9000 Aero
  38235 I-4t 225   7.7  15.8 140  122  221  0.84 60.6 20.0
Saleen Mustang S-351 (Ford)
  33500  V-8 370   5.9  14.3 170  125  226  0.97 64.1 15.0
Subaru SVX
  25000  F-6 230   7.3  15.4 143  134  229  0.85 60.2 20.0
Toyota Supra Turbo
  43900  I-6t 320  5.3  13.7 155  122  208  0.98 65.4 18.8
Vector W8 TwinTurbo
 448000  V-8t 625   4.2  12.0 218  145  250  0.97 60.6 13.5
Volkswagen Corrado SLC
  21840  V-6 178   6.9  15.5 139  154  257  0.86 61.0 23.0
Volvo 850 Turbo Sportswagon
  30985 I-5t 222   7.4  15.5 155  130  245  0.80 61.2 23.5
PROC PRINT;
TITLE2 'EX8_5 PERFORMANCE DATA ON CARS';
RUN;

DATA CARS2; SET CARS;*IF MOD(_N_,5)=1;
 CHK=HP+TIM1+TIM2+TS+BRAK1+BRAK2+SP+SS+MPG;
 IF CHK=. THEN DELETE; DROP CHK;
PROC PRINT DATA=CARS2;
RUN;

DATA CARS3; SET CARS2; DROP MAKE MAKE_MOD PRICE ET;
DATA CARS4; SET CARS2; KEEP MAKE;


PROC STANDARD DATA=CARS2 MEAN=0 STD=1 OUT=CARS2;
 VAR HP--MPG;
 RUN;

DATA ONE; SET CARS2;
 I = _N_;
 KEEP HP--MPG I;

DATA ORIG; SET ONE;
 DO J=1 TO 34;
 OUTPUT; END;

DATA DUP; SET ORIG;
II=J;  JJ=I;  I=II;  J=JJ;  DROP JJ II;
Y1=HP; Y2=TIM1; Y3=TIM2; Y4=TS; Y5=BRAK1; Y6=BRAK2; Y7=SP; Y8=SS; Y9=MPG;
NN = _N_;
DROP HP--MPG;

PROC SORT DATA=DUP; BY I J;

****************************************************
*  CREATED A DUPLICATE DATA SET BY CREATING DUMMY
   VARIABLES I AND J FOR MERGING SETS TO ALLOW US
   TO CALCULATE H , WHICH IS DISTANCE.
******************************************************;

DATA COMB; MERGE ORIG DUP; BY I J;
DROP I J;

******************************************************************
* CALCULATE H, THE DISTANCE BETWEEN ALL PAIRS OF POINTS
*****************************************************************;

*IF _N_ <= NN THEN DELETE;
H = SQRT((HP-Y1)**2 + (TIM1-Y2)**2 +(TIM2-Y3)**2 + (TS-Y4)**2 +(BRAK1-Y5)**2
        +(BRAK2-Y6)**2 +(SP-Y7)**2 +(SS-Y8)**2 +(MPG-Y9)**2);
KEEP H;
RUN;

PROC IML; RESET NOLOG;
 USE  COMB;
 READ ALL INTO DIST;
 USE CARS4;
 READ ALL VAR _CHAR_ INTO CARS;
 PRINT CARS;
 N=SQRT(NROW(DIST));
DD=SHAPE(DIST,N,N);
*PRINT 'DISTANCE MATRIX = ',DD;
CREATE DIST_DAT FROM DD[COLNAME=CARS];
APPEND FROM DD;
QUIT;

DATA FINAL;
MERGE CARS4 DIST_DAT;
RUN;

PROC PRINT;
TITLE3 'DISTANCES BETWEEN CAR MAKES';
RUN;


PROC MDS DATA=FINAL OUT=OUT OUTRES=RES SHAPE=SQUARE; ID MAKE;
TITLE3 'MDS Analyses and Plots';
RUN;

%plotit(data=out, datatype=mds, labelvar=MAKE, 
           vtoh=1.0, labfont=swissb,Monochro=Black); 


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