Christine M. Rodrigue, Ph.D.
Research Interests
My research currently focuses on
hazards.
Dominating my present work are projects on how
risk assessment science interacts with risk management policy, the processes
by which media shape public hazards perception, and equity issues in the
social response to disaster. These three
themes are summarized in a paper I gave at the World Association
of Disaster and Emergency Medicine International Education and Training Working Group
meeting in
Brussels in October 2004,
"
Hazard Vulnerability,
Media Construction of Disaster, and Risk Management." This work led me to
an invited NASA teleconference, at which I presented guidelines for risk
communication for the Mars program. This eventually led me into developing a
course on the
geography of Mars, a multivariate
statistical laboratory using Mars geochemical data, a current research project
on the geography of Mars, and developing a network of Mars geographers.
Through the lab class, I have begun to collaborate with CSULB geologists, Dr.
Richard Behl and Ms. Carlye Peterson, on using multivariate statistics for
analysis of Earth palæoclimatic data. I am also engaged
in editing a volume on earthquakes with Dr. Eugenie Rovai. Situated in an
education-centered institution, assessment and fostering student research have
become significant portions of my research activity.
An emerging emphasis in my research is the relationship between risk assessment and risk management and, more broadly,
between science and policy. I am increasingly interested in the
communications within an organization concerning risk, which extends my
earlier interest in communications between the public or activists in the
public with organizations having risk management responsibilities. I have
recently begun a project comparing the risk assessment communications within
large Federal agencies and their interactions with the risk perceptions of
managers making risk containment decisions. The specific case studies are
NASA and the Columbia accident, the FBI and 9/11, and now FEMA and
Katrina/Rita. Recently, my long-time collaborator, Dr. Eugenie Rovai, and I
have begun work applying the "disaster by management" framework to her project
on the emerging risk of international drug cartels using National Forest lands
to grow marijuana, in order to circumvent heightened border security.
- E. Rovai and C.M. Rodrigue. 2009.
- "Marijuana cultivation in National Forests and Parks, environmental
impacts, and policy failure: Disaster by management." Paper presented to the
Western Social Science Association, Albuquerque (April).
- C.M. Rodrigue and E. Rovai, with the assistance of J. Waligorski. 2008.
- "Disaster by management: Marijuana cultivation in National Forests
and Parks." Paper presented to the Association of American Geographers,
Boston (April).
- C.M. Rodrigue and E. Rovai, with the assistance of J. Waligorski. 2008.
- "Marijuana cultivation in National Forests and Parks: American
market, post-9/11 border securitization, and global in-sourcing of
production." Panel presentation to the Association of American Geographers,
Boston (April).
- E. Rovai and C.M. Rodrigue. 2007.
- "Disaster by
management: International drug cartels and the North State National Forest
lands." Paper presented to the National Social Science Association, Cabo
San Lucas (October).
- C.M. Rodrigue. 2006.
-
Katrina/Rita and
risk communication within FEMA. Paper presented to the Association of
American Geographers, Chicago (March).
- C.M. Rodrigue. 2004.
-
Disaster by Management: Managerialism and normal accident theory in the
Columbia accident and FBI Headquarters' response to field office concerns
before 9/11. Paper presented to the 29th Annual Hazards Research and
Applications Workshop, Boulder, CO (11 July).
- C.M. Rodrigue. 2004.
-
Disaster by Management: The Columbia Accident and September 11th. Paper
presented to the "Hazards and Disasters: Management and Mitigation" special
session sponsored by the Hazards Specialty Group at the Association of
American Geographers, Philadelphia (17 March).
I have become especially interested in how the advent of Internet media has altered the communication of hazards
debates. Hazard assessment experts and activists both have trouble
getting their messages to the public through traditional print and broadcast
media, which have very high costs of entry and are dominated by interests with
very different agendas than experts and activists. The Internet has a very
low cost of entry and has begun to displace or augment traditional media as a
source of information. All facets of the Internet are not equal, however, in
the efficiency with which they allow experts and, especially, activists to
access the public. The web is the glamorous part of the 'Net, but it is
limited as a communications channel by its reliance on an active audience, one
actually searching for information on a given topic. The most effective
dissemination of information through space and time seems to take place
through channels with less need for an actively searching audience: e-mail,
listservers, UseNet discussion groups, and chats.
- C.M. Rodrigue. 2002.
-
Media and hazards: Different constructions of public perception by
conventional media and the Internet. Panel remarks presented to the "Media
and Hazards" panel, Association of American Geographers, Los Angeles (22
March).
- C.M. Rodrigue. 2001.
- Impact of
Internet media in risk debates: The controversies over the
Cassini-Huygens Mission and the Anaheim Hills, California, landslide. The
Australian Journal of Emergency Management 16, 1 (Autumn): 53-61.
- C.M. Rodrigue. 2001.
- Construction
of hazard perception and activism on the Internet:: Amplifying trivial
risks and obfuscating serious ones. Natural Hazards Research Working
Paper 106.
- C.M. Rodrigue. 2001.
- The
Internet in risk communication and hazards activism. Invited presentation
for a panel on "The Media, The Internet, and Disasters," 26th Hazards Research
and Applications Workshop, Boulder, CO (July).
- C.M. Rodrigue. 2001.
- The
Internet in the social amplification and attenuation of risk. Invited
poster, 26th Hazards Research and Applications Workshop, Boulder, CO (July).
- C.M. Rodrigue. 2001.
- Construction of
hazard perception and activism on the Internet. Presentation to
the Association of American Geographers, New York (February).
- C.M. Rodrigue. 2000.
- The use of the
Internet and web-based technology for space and geoscience (mis)education:
New media in natural and technological hazard debates. Presentation to
the fall meeting of the American Geophysical Union, San Francisco (December).
A specific project dominating my work in the late 1990s and early 2000s
focussed on the
controversy
over the
plutonium dioxide aboard the Cassini-Huygens
mission to Saturn and Titan. Opponents to the spacecraft's
configuration held that plutonium is the most dangerous substance on Earth and
could be released into Earth's environment during launch or during an Earth
swingby. NASA countered that the risk of a mishap was below 1 in a million and
that the consequences of the worst-case scenario would entail the development
of approximately 120 additional individual cases of cancer worldwide. This
controversy reflects the contentious relationship between risk assessment
science and risk management policy, as well as most of the themes developed in
prior technological hazards perception literature. This relationship has, if
anything, become even more contentious in an era in which the
epistemological validity of science is itself under interrogation. This case
study explores the evolving relationship between risk assessment and risk
management in the Internet era
by bringing media criticism to bear on Internet hazard representation and by
documenting the recruitment of proponent and opponent activists into
this technological risk debate. Parts of these projects are
summarized in papers I presented to the Boulder Hazards Workshop, the AAAS,
and in a grant proposal:
- C.M. Rodrigue. 2001.
- Internet
media in technological risk amplification: Plutonium on board the
Cassini-Huygens spacecraft. Risk: Health, Safety & Environment 12, 3/4
(Fall): 221-254.
- C.M. Rodrigue. 2000.
- Public
perception and hazard policy construction when experts and activists clash in
the media. Presentation to the 25th Annual Hazard Research and
Applications Workshop, Boulder, CO (July).
- C.M. Rodrigue. 2000.
- Internet
recruitment and activism in constructing technological risk. Presentation
to the American Association for the Advancement of Science meeting,
Washington, DC (February).
- C.M. Rodrigue. 1999.
- Public, expert,
and activist perceptions of the plutonium on board the Cassini-Huygens
mission. Presentation to the American Association for the Advancement of
Science meeting, Anaheim, CA (January).
- C.M. Rodrigue. 1999.
- Social
construction of technological hazard: Plutonium on board the
Cassini-Huygens spacecraft. Narrative for a proposal submitted to the
Decision, Risk, and
Management Science Program National Science Foundation (14 January).
In 2001, my work on the controversy over Cassini-Huygens led to a project on
the
controversies beginning to develop over the
Mars Sample
Return mission, which was then being designed and proposed for possible
launch between 2011 and 2014. Because the final design was expected to
incorporate plutonium
dioxide RTGs for power needs on this extended mission,
the same opposition was expected to develop. In addition to the plutonium
issue, another axis of controversy started to develop: concern about "back
contamination," that is, of Martian microbes hitching a ride back to Earth on
board the return craft. A third line of controversy developed within the
scientific community, too: between geoscientists and bioscientists over the
quarantine and distribution of the Mars rock and soil samples. I was invited
to a NASA teleconference to present my work on the Cassini controversy to a
NASA audience for the first time and to discuss risk communication and public
involvement for the Mars Sample Return. At that teleconference, I was invited
to follow the MSRL controversy. While preparing the physical science
background on Mars to follow the controversy, the MSRL was repeatedly delayed
and then moved to indefinite status and finally off the list of planned
missions (though it may be re-authorized). Rather than forget my work on
Mars, I decided to share this
background with my students in the form of a special topics course on "
Areography: A Regional
Geography of Mars," taught in Spring 2007. This work has led to several
geographic education presentations, a lab exercise for my multivariate
statistical methods course, a new research collaboration applying statistics
to terrestrial palæoclimate data, and an article planned for submission
in 2009 on the geography of Mars. It also led to the establishment of the
Mars Geography Network, bringing together several dozen geographers who do
Mars-related work. Our first face-to-face panel was held at the AAG in 2009.
- Christine M. Rodrigue. 2009.
- Orders
of relief and the regional geography of Mars. Association of American
Geographers, Las Vegas (March).
- Christine M. Rodrigue. 2009.
- From a
hazards project to the regional geography of Mars. Mars Geography Network
special session, Association of American Geographers, Las Vegas (March).
- Christine M. Rodrigue. 2007.
- Mars in the geography classroom. Association of Pacific Coast
Geographers, Long Beach (October) (also listed in the geoscience education section below)
- Christine M. Rodrigue. 2007.
- Boldly going where no geographer has gone before: The Martian
classroom. Los Angeles Geographic Society, Los Angeles (September) (also
listed in the geoscience education section below)
- C.M. Rodrigue. 2002.
-
Emerging risk
assessment and management controversies in the Mars Sample Return. Poster
presented to the 27th Annual Hazards Research and Applications Workshop,
Boulder, CO (14-17 July).
- C.M. Rodrigue. 2001.
- Risk representation in the space program: The Internet and the
social amplification of risk. NASA Teleconference among NASA Headquarters, Jet
Propulsion Lab, Ames Research Center, and Johnson Space Center (27 November,
from JPL).
I incorporated Mars geochemical data in a principal components lab for my GEOG
400 course in multivariate statistics. A Geological Sciences graduate student
in the class, Ms. Carlye Peterson, developed her individual lab project around
the use of PCA to process six different palæoclimate proxies taken from
cores in the Santa Barbara Basin, extending back to about 33,000 years ago.
She, her advisor (Dr. Richard Behl), and I have worked further with these data
and are presenting initial results at the 2008 American Geophysical Union.
- Carlye D. Peterson; Richard J. Behl; Christine M. Rodrigue; Cathleen M.
Zeleski; and Tessa M. Hill. 2008.
- Statistical
relationships among proxies of climate, productivity and the carbon cycle
across climatic regimes, Santa Barbara Basin, California. American Geophysical
Union, San Francisco (December)
Soon after the tragedy of 11 September 2001, the
Natural Hazards Center at the
University of Colorado, Boulder, put out a call to the hazards research
community to submit NSF Quick Response grant proposals to study the event and
make our findings available to the disaster managers and terrorism research
community. I agreed to do a literature content analysis of one newspaper,
selecting the online edition of the Los Angeles Times. A progress
report on the first six weeks of coverage was presented as part of a panel at
an NSF-funded conference in New York, followed by a published abstract. The
Quick Response Report covers the full twelve week period of the grant
project and the Special Publication anthology extends the analysis to
include photographic imagery.
- C.M. Rodrigue. 2004.
- El Niño
and 9/11 Quick Response Research Projects. Panel presentation to the Quick
Response Research and Scholarship in Geography panel, sponsored by the
Hazards, Qualitative Methods, and Environmental Perception and Behavior
specialty groups, Association of American Geographers, Philadelphia (17 March)
(also listed below in the 1998 floods section).
- C.M. Rodrigue. 2003.
- Representation
of the September 11th terrorist attacks in the online edition of the
Los Angeles Times. In Beyond September 11th: An Account of Post-
Disaster Research, ed. Jacquelyn L. Monday, pp. 521- 588. University of
Colorado Natural Hazards Research and Applications Information Center
Special Publication 39 (a cooperative project of the Natural Hazards
Research and Applications Information Center, Public Entity Risk Institute,
and the Institute for Civil Infrastructure Systems).
- C.M. Rodrigue. 2002.
- Media coverage of the
events of 9/11. Poster presented to the 27th Annual Hazards Research and
Applications Workshop, Boulder, CO (14-17 July).
- C.M. Rodrigue. 2002.
- Patterns of media
coverage of the terrorist attacks on the United States in September of
2001. Quick Response Report 146.
- C.M. Rodrigue. 2002.
- Media
Coverage of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center and the
Pentagon. Poster presented to the Association of American Geographers,
Los Angeles (20 March).
- C.M. Rodrigue. 2002.
-
Media and the Terrorist Attack of 11 September 2001: Los Angeles
Times' coverage for the first twelve weeks. Panel remarks presented to
the "Media and the Terrorist Attack of 11 September 2001" panel, Association
of American Geographers, Los Angeles (21 March).
- C.M. Rodrigue. 2001.
- Patterns
of media coverage of the terrorist attacks on the United States in September
of 2001. Abtract of then-ongoing research on NSF-sponsored Disaster Research Support Site, hosted by
the New York University Institute for Civil Infrastructure Systems, New York.
- C.M. Rodrigue. 2001.
- Patterns
of media coverage of the terrorist attacks on the United States in September
of 2001. Panel remarks presented to the NSF-sponsored Learning from
Urban Disasters Workshop, hosted by the New York University Institute for
Civil
Infrastructure Systems, New York (12 December).
Dr. Eugenie Rovai and I were asked by Routledge Press to
edit a volume on earthquakes for their Disasters
series,
their contribution to the International Decade on Natural Disaster Reduction.
This is intended to be the definitive reference work for current research in
all aspects of earthquakes as hazards, from seismology, through civil
engineering, planning, and emergency management, to social science. We have
agreed to take the project on and have been awarded the contract. The
structure of the anthology is available
here.
I first became involved with earthquake hazard through the "Northridge" earthquake, because, while working at CSU
Chico, I maintained another home in Los Angeles and happened to have gotten
caught at ground zero of the 1994 earthquake. I became interested in
media construction of disaster when I noticed that the epicenter was in
Reseda, my rather hardscrabble home town, not in Northridge, the upscale
community for which the quake was named. This bias had earlier turned up
in Dr. Rovai's examination of the so-called Ferndale Quake of
1992. I built a database of place-name mentions in the Los
Angeles Times' coverage of the L.A. quake and compared it
with L.A. City Department of Building and Safety data on the
actual distribution of damaged buildings. With Dr. Place, I
worked on a similar comparison with place-name mentions in La
Opinión, the dominant Spanish-language paper in Los Angeles.
In both cases, the departures between the print media pattern of
attention and the actual pattern of damages showed biases along
racial and income lines. I did a survey of Angelenos' mental
maps of the damage, and their mental maps almost perfectly
correlated with the media pattern rather than the actual damage
patterns. Very unfortunately, the areas seriously undercovered
by the media recovered significantly more slowly than those
heavily overcovered by the media.
- C.M. Rodrigue. 2006.
- Review of
After the Earth Shakes: Elastic Rebound on an Urban Planet. Geotimes
51, 11: 50-51.
- E. Rovai and C.M. Rodrigue. 1998.
- The
"Northridge" and "Ferndale" earthquakes: Spatial inequities in
media attention and recovery. National Social Science Journal 11, 2:
109-120.
- C.M. Rodrigue, E.Rovai, and S.E. Place. 1997.
-
Construction of the "Northridge" earthquake in Los Angeles'
English and Spanish print media: Damage, attention, and skewed
recovery. Presentation to the Southern California Environment
and History Conference, Northridge, CA.
- C.M. Rodrigue and E. Rovai. 1995.
- The "Northridge" earthquake: Differential geographies of damage,
media attention, and recovery. National Social Science Perspectives
Journal 7, 3: 97-111.
- S.E. Place and C.M. Rodrigue. 1995.
- Media
construction of the "Northridge" earthquake in English and Spanish print media
in Los Angeles. Proceedings, International Geographical Union, CD-
ROM.
In 1993, I became interested in chaparral fire
hazard in montane
suburban California. When natural hazard is examined from a
structural approach, one would expect the poorest and most
marginalized people to be most at risk to disaster. That is
exactly what one sees in the developing world. In California,
however, it is the most prosperous people who choose to live in
the risky habitat of the very pyrogenic chaparral. In a
situation like this, it is important to distinguish between risk
of exposure to a hazard and vulnerability to it. The montane
suburbanites of California certainly incur greater risk to
chaparral fire in their search for a home with a view, but their
vulnerability is socialized to the rest of society through
insurance and tax mechanisms. Lately, I've become more interested in the
underlying physical/biological factors underlying this hazard and the
divergent views of Mediterranean scrub among European and American authors.
This has subsequently led me into a project to reconceptualize floristic keys
for small areas with a couple hundred plant species, which will be "test
driven" during a Geoscience Diversity Enhancement Program field project to
Palos Verdes Peninsula in Summer 2009. These projects are summarized here:
- C.M. Rodrigue. 2004.
- The construction
of Mediterranean scrub in biogeography and ecology.
Association of American Geographers, Denver.
- C.M. Rodrigue. 2004.
- The construction
of scrub in California and the Mediterranean borderlands:
Climatic and edaphic climax mosaic or anthropogenic artifact?
American Geophysical Union, San Francisco (December). (unfortunately, due
to illness, I was unable to drive to San Francisco to deliver the poster [564
K .ppt file])
- C.M. Rodrigue. 1993.
- Home with a
view:
Chaparral fire hazard and the social geographies of risk and vulnerability.
California Geographer 33: 105-118.
With a team of graduate students involved in the Chico State
Center for
Hazards Research (James Hotchkiss, Adam Henderson, and Stacy
Potter), Dr. Rovai and I conducted a field investigation of the
impacts on Los Angeles of the
El-Niño-attributed
storms of
late February 1998. We concentrated on actual patterns of damage and
patterns reported in the print media, as they are reflected in
local residents' mental maps of the disaster. We found that
media coverage was actually broader, both within California and
within the Southern California region, than the mental maps
reported by residents. Local residents focused almost exclusively
on Laguna Beach and Malibu. We also found that most people
maintain an emergency kit, a cheap form of non-structural hazard
mitigation. Very few homeowners, however, reported having flood
insurance, despite their awareness of El Niño, generally
believing they lived either too high to be affected (i.e., not in
the floodplain) or too low to be affected (i.e., not in the
mudslide-affected hillsides)! This field expedition was funded
by a Quick Response grant from the University of Colorado,
Boulder, Natural Hazards Center. Our results were summarized in one of their
Quick Response Report series.
- C.M. Rodrigue. 2004.
- El Niño and 9/11 Quick
Response Research Projects. Panel presentation to the Quick Response Research and Scholarship in
Geography panel, sponsored by the Hazards, Qualitative Methods, and Environmental Perception and
Behavior specialty groups, Association of American Geographers, Philadelphia (17 March) (also listed
above in the 9/11 section).
- C.M. Rodrigue and Eugenie Rovai, with Adam Henderson, James Hotchkiss, and
Stacy Potter. 1998.
- El Niño and
perceptions of the Southern California floods and mudslides of 1998.
Quick Response Report 107.
Dr. Rovai and I have also looked at the legal framework for
water resource allocation in drought. I have been very
concerned about the movement to have the San Fernando Valley
secede
from the City of Los Angeles, to which it had annexed itself to
acquire water. The Valley is legally unable to draw on its own
groundwater, to which Los Angeles has pueblo rights, or to the
Owens River water, on which it currently largely depends. Should
the Valley secede, water arrangements throughout the State of
California will be drastically impacted, with all sorts of third
party impacts on water users in the North State.
- C.M. Rodrigue and E.Rovai. 1997.
- Weaving the
water web: Evolution of the legal framework for water resource
development in California. Presentation to the Southern
California Environment and History Conference, Northridge, CA (21 September).
I have always been
interested in the contexts creating human vulnerability and the
social response to disaster. My dissertation addressed this
general theme in the Neolithic process of the Near
East, examining how the widespread sedentarization of human societies
from about 15,000 years ago to 5,000 years ago increased their
exposure to the dramatic environmental changes possible in one
place. One response to this increased vulnerability was the
domestication of plants and animals and, eventually, the rise of
formal religion and proto-state societies. Another was the
deterioration in women's status seen in virtually all class
societies. This research eventually debunked the argument that
religious sacrificial practices caused the domestication of
animals, a view propounded by such cultural geographers as Eduard
Hahn, Carl Sauer, Frederick and Elizabeth Simoons, and Erich
Isaac. It also undermines rather romantic arguments for a golden
age of matriarchy.
- C.M. Rodrigue. 2009.
- Animal domestication. Invited entry. Encyclopedia of Human
Geography, 2nd ed. Ed. Barney Warf. Sage Publications (forthcoming).
- C.M. Rodrigue. 2005.
- James Blaut's
critique of diffusionism through a Neolithic lens: Early animal
domestication in the Near East. Invited paper. Antipode 37, 5:
981-989.
- C.M. Rodrigue. 2005.
- Animal domestication. In Helaine Selin
(ed.), Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology,
and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, 2nd ed. Invited. Dordrecht,
Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers (forthcoming).
- C.M. Rodrigue. 1997.
- Animal domestication. In Helaine Selin
(ed.), Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology,
and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, pp. 64-66. Invited. Dordrecht,
Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
- C.M. Rodrigue. 1992.
- Can religion account for early animal
domestications? A critical assessment of the cultural geographic
argument, based on Near Eastern archaeological data.
Professional Geographer 44, 4: 417-430.
- C.M. Rodrigue. 1987.
- An Evaluation of Ritual Sacrifice as an Explanation for Early
Animal Domestications in
the Near East. Disseration submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for a Ph.D. in
Geography, Graduate School of Geography, Clark University, Worcester, MA.
- C.M. Rodrigue. 1987.
- The origins
of women's subjugation: A tentative reconstruction.
Presentation to the Association of American Geographers national
meeting, Portland, OR.
As a professor, much of my time is devoted to teaching. This education
activity has
generated research publications and presentations of an explicitly
pædagogical or curricular nature. Generally, these projects have grown
out of the supervision of research immersion projects for undergraduates,
experiments with different teaching assignments, or from curricular
issues facing my department.
- Christine M. Rodrigue. 2008.
- Geography from the back of the AAG program: Is geography what we
say or what we do? The California Geographer 48.
- Christine M. Rodrigue. 2007.
-
Mars in the geography classroom." Association of Pacific Coast Geographers,
Long Beach (October) (also listed in the Mars section
above)
- Christine M. Rodrigue. 2007.
- Boldly going where no geographer has gone before: The Martian
classroom." Los Angeles Geographic Society, Los Angeles (September) (also
listed in the Mars section above)
- Christine M. Rodrigue. 2007.
- "Geography diversity initiatives at California State University,
Long Beach: The Geoscience Diversity Enhancement Program." Yearbook of the
Association of Pacific Coast Geographers 69: 160-167.
- Christine M. Rodrigue. 2006.
- Geography
diversity initiatives at California State University, Long Beach: The
Geoscience Diversity Enhancement Program. Invited panelist for the APCG
Presidential Plenary session, "Geography in a Diverse World," Association of
Pacific Coast Geographers, Eugene, Oregon (September).
- Christine M. Rodrigue. 2006.
- Growing
geography: A view from "The Beach." Invited panelist for the APCG Healthy
Departments Special Session, Association of Pacific Coast Geographers, Eugene,
Oregon (September).
- Christine M. Rodrigue. 2006.
- Geography diversity
initiatives at California State University, Long Beach: Interdisciplinary
and interinstitutional Partnerships. Invited panelist for the AAG Diversity
Task Force session: Collaboration and Outreach. Association of American
Geographers, Chicago (March).
- Christine M. Rodrigue. 2005.
- The State of Geography and its cognate disciplines in the California
State Universities from Fall 1992 through Fall 2004. The California
Geographer 45: 59-85.
- Elizabeth L. Ambos, Christine M. Rodrigue, Richard J. Behl, Christopher
T. Lee, Suzanne P. Wechsler, Gregory Holk, Daniel O. Larson, R. Daniel
Francis, and David Whitney. 2005.
- Geoscience field studies at California State University at Long
Beach: Urban applied research with a community focus. CUR Quarterly
(Council on Undergraduate Research) 26, 2: 56-61 (this is the lead article in
a special issue on "Undergraduate research that serves the community").
- Elizabeth L. Ambos, Richard Behl, David Whitney, Christine M. Rodrigue,
Suzanne P. Wechsler, Gregory Holk, Christopher T. Lee, R. Daniel Francis, and
Daniel O. Larson. 2005.
- Geosciences
student recruitment strategies at California State University, Long Beach
(CSULB): Earth system science/community-research based education
partnerships. American Geophysical Union, San Francisco (5 December).
- Suzanne P. Wechsler, David Whitney, Elizabeth L. Ambos, Christine M.
Rodrigue, Christopher T. Lee, Richard Behl, Daniel O. Larson, R. Daniel
Francis, and Gregory Holk,. 2005.
- Enhancing diversity in the geosciences. Journal of Geography
104, 4 (July/August): 141-149.
- David J. Whitney, Richard J. Behl, Elizabeth L. Ambos, R. Daniel Francis,
Gregory Holk, Daniel O. Larson, Christopher T. Lee, Christine M. Rodrigue, and
Suzanne P. Wechsler. 2005.
- Ethnic differences in geoscience attitudes of college students.
EOS 86, 30 (26 July): 277, 279.
- Christine M. Rodrigue. 2005.
- The state of
geography and its cognate disciplines in the California State
Universities. California Geographical Society, Yosemite (23 April).
- Richard Behl, Elizabeth L. Ambos, R. D. Francis, Gregory Holk, Daniel O.
Larson, Christopher T. Lee, Christine M. Rodrigue, Suzanne P. Wechsler, and David J. Whitney. 2004.
- Hunting for
students:
Outreach and retention strategies in a competitive urban market.
Geological Society of America,
Denver, CO (9 November).
- Christine M. Rodrigue, Elizabeth L. Ambos, Richard Behl, R. D. Francis, Daniel O. Larson,
María-Teresa Ramírez-Herrera, Gregory Holk, Suzanne P. Wechsler, Christopher T. Lee,
David J. Whitney, and Shellinda Barré. 2004.
- GDEP (Geoscience Diversity
Enhancement Program): An NSF-OEDG program emphasizing interdisciplinary Earth
system science
research. Universities Space Research Association conference, "Earth
System Science Education
for the 21st Century, Monterey, CA (28-30 June).
- Elizabeth L. Ambos, Richard Behl, R. D. Francis, Daniel O. Larson,
María-Teresa Ramírez-Herrera, Christine M. Rodrigue, Gregory Holk, Suzanne P. Wechsler, Christopher T. Lee,
David J. Whitney, and Shellinda Barré. 2004.
- GDEP (Geoscience
Diversity Enhancement Program): An NSF-OEDG program emphasizing integrated geoscience research in
urban areas. Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology, Tucson, AZ
(June).
- Christine M. Rodrigue, Eugenie Rovai, and Steve Stewart, with Judith A. Tyner. 2004.
- Web Reports and Maps: Student
Collaborative Research Online. California Geographical Society, Long Beach
(23-25 April).
- Christine M. Rodrigue, Christopher T. Lee, María-Teresa Ramírez-Herrera, Robert
D. Francis, Elizabeth L. Ambos (GDEP PI), Richard Behl, Gregory Holk, Daniel O. Larson, Suzanne P.
Wechsler, James C. Sample, David J. Whitney, and Crisanne Hazen. 2003.
- GDEP (Geoscience Diversity Enhancement
Program): Hazards-related projects. 28th Annual Hazards Research and
Applications Workshop
Boulder, CO (July).
- Christine M. Rodrigue, Suzanne Wechsler, David Whitney, Elizabeth L.
Ambos, María-Teresa Ramírez-Herrera, Richard Behl, Robert D.
Francis, and Crisanne Hazen. 2003.
- Geoscience Diversity
Enhancement Program: Student responses. The Association of American
Geographers, New Orleans (5 March).
- Elizabeth L. Ambos, James C. Sample, Richard Behl, Robert D. Francis,
Daniel O. Larson, María-Teresa Ramírez-Herrera, Christine M.
Rodrigue, Suzanne Wechsler, David Whitney, and Crisanne Hazen. 2003.
- The Geoscience Diversity Enhancement Program (GDEP): Building an
Earth system science centered research, education, and outreach effort in
urban Long Beach, California. The American Geophysical Union, San Francisco
(December).
- E.L. Ambos, J.C. Sample, R. Behl, R.D. Francis, D.O. Larson, M.T.
Ramírez-Herrera, C. M. Rodrigue, S.P. Wechsler, D.J. Whitney, and C.
Hazen. 2002.
- GDEP (Geoscience Diversity Enhancement Program): Creating a
community-based summer geoscience research program. The Geological Society of
America, Denver (October).
- D.J. Whitney, S.P. Wechsler, C.M. Rodrigue,
M.T. Ramírez-Herrera, R.J. Behl, E.L. Ambos, R.D. Francis, J.C.
Sample, D.O. Larson, and C. Hazen. 2002.
- General
education student perceptions of the geosciences. Association of Pacific
Coast Geographers, San Bernardino, CA (5 October).
- C.M. Rodrigue. 2002.
- Hazards and
GIS education at California State University, Long Beach. Invited talk to
the "What's Happening in Higher Education? Student Needs and University
Responses" panel. 27th Annual Hazards Research and Applications Workshop,
Boulder, CO (July).
- S.P. Wechsler and C.M. Rodrigue. 2002.
- GIS articulation: Addressing the issue, sharing experiences
and moving forward.
Twenty-second Annual ESRI International User's Conference (ESRI Education
Users -- HiEd: GIS Articulation), San Diego (June).
- C.M. Rodrigue. 2002.
- Assessment of an
experiment in teaching geography online. California Geographical Society,
Lone Pine (3-5 May).
- C.M. Rodrigue and E.Rovai. 1998.
- Construction of an interactive map for the web by students in paired
classes, National Social Science Association, San Diego (April).
- C.M. Rodrigue. 1996.
- The imaginary migration exercise: An approach to teaching ethnic
issues. Journal of Geography 95, 2: 81-85.
- C.M. Rodrigue. 1994.
- The imaginary migration exercise: An approach to ethnic issues in a
California Geography Course. California Geographic Society, Pomona (April).