The research investigated Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) associations with HIV-related risks in a highly racially and ethnically diverse, indigent, and homeless population of individuals seeking an HIV-service provider. The participants were 277 voluntary out-of-treatment clients of the Center for Behavioral Research and Services, located in Long Beach, CA. ASPD participants were more likely to be White, unemployed, in unstable housing, and previously incarcerated. In addition, ASPD participants were more likely to have been in drug treatment, perceived themselves to be at a greater HIV risk, and had more HIV tests.

    Drug-related associations were as hypothesized with ASPD participants having an earlier onset of drug use which included injecting, increased crack, cocaine, amphetamine, and injection use, increased use of amphetamines before sex, and an increase in having ever used heroin. However, concerning sexual risks, ASPD participants only differed from non-ASPD participants in an increased number of sexual partners who inject drugs.