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Apparent Motion of the Sun

Movie: Sun's motioni

You are all probably aware that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west due to the earth's rotation. What you may not have noticed is that the exact location at which it rises and sets, and the path that the sun follows through the sky changes throughout the year. In this section of the lab, you will observationally investigate the nature of these changes.

Observations

The observations for this portion of the lab will require you to do multiple observations of the sunset throughout the course of the quarter.

1. Find a place from which you can observe the sunset and make a note of the precise location (choose a bench or a tree since you will need to return to this EXACT location to do all of your observations). You will be making multiple observations throughout the quarter so make certain that it is an easily accessible spot.


2. For your first observation, you need to arrive before sunset in order to make a sketch of the western horizon. Make certain that your sketch includes some landmarks that will act as reference points against which you can compare the changing location of the sunset.


3. Observe the location of the sunset relative to your reference points and include it in your sketch making a note of the date, time, and location of your observation.


4. Repeat this observation approximately once a week throughout the course of the quarter and draw the location of each subsequent sunset into your ORIGINAL sketch.


5. In addition to your sketches, make a table to record your observations, and include the following information for EACH observation:

* The date and time of the observation
* The number of days since the previous observation
* The direction that the sun has moved since the previous observation (north/south)
* The number of degrees that the sunset has moved since the previous observation
* The approximate rate at which the sunset has moved during the period since the previous observation (To compute this rate, simply divide the number of degrees that the sunset has moved by the number of days since the last observation.)

 

Answer the following questions

1. What is causing this change in location of the sunset?
2. Did the sunset move in the same direction between each of your observations?
3. Would you expect the sunset to move in the same direction all year? Why or why not?
4. Was the rate of movement the same between each of your observations? What is the rate of movement of the sunset over the course of the quarter (between your first and last observation)?
5. Would you expect the rate of change to be the same all year? Why or why not?
6. How do you expect the location of sunrise to have changed during this same time interval? What does this mean about the path that the sun is taking across the sky?

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