Astronomy 370I
Spring 2009

Text: The Planetary System, The (3rd Edition)
by David Morrison, Tobias Owen

Paperback, 570 Pages, Published 2002, 3rd Edition

ISBN-10: 0-8053-8734-x
ISBN-13: 978-0-8053-8734-6

Instructor: K. Gordon
Office: F05 208
Phone:
Office Hours: Tu. Th. 2-3 P.M.

kgordon@socal.rr.com

Download printable lecture notes and other course materials: http://www.csulb.edu/~gordon/100l.html

Physics/Astronomy Department Office: PH1 # 220
Phone: (562) 985 4924

 

Midterm Examinations (2)

 essay and multiple choice

(50 essay + 50 mc) (2)

 

200 Points

                                                      

 

 

Final Examination

multiple choice

(100)

100 Points

Paper

150 (33%)

150 Points

 

Total

450 Points

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The student will have to demonstrate advanced writing skills in the form of expository essays on exams (200 - 300 words) and a research paper (5000 words).

Clear, complete, yet succinct expression will be emphasized. At least four substantial sources must be cited.

Internet sources must include the exact URL of the source.

Direct copying and pasting is not allowed.

Week

Topics

Due Date/Comments

 

1

Solar System's Place in the Universe; Cosmology

 

2

Mechanics- Kepler, Newton, etc, EM Radiation, etc.;

Report topics assigned and discussed

3

EM; Stellar Evolution

 

4

Stellar Evolution; Sun; Review

 

5

Exam 1; Basic Properties and Remote Sensing; Solar System; Meteorites, Asteroids, and Comets

Exam 1

6

Meteorites, Asteroids, and Comets

 

7

Moon; Mercury

Submit report drafts

8

Earth

 

9

Earth; Venus; Mars

Report drafts returned with comments

10

Mars; Planets and Life; Review; Exam 2

Exam 2

11

Gas Giants; Jupiter and Saturn

 

12

Spring break

 

13

Uranus, Neptune and Pluto; Satellite Systems

 

14

Life in Other Planetary Systems;

Report due

15

Life in Other Planetary Systems; Mars Meteorites; Review

 

16

Final Exam

Final exam

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Lecture Topics

 

Overview of the Solar System and its Place in the Universe

The Solar System's Organization and Dimensions

The Milky Way Galaxy

Other Galaxies

 

Cosmology: the Origin, Structure, and Fate of the Universe

Cosmological theories and Methodology

Fundamental Forces

The Expanding Universe and the Big Bang

Hubble's Law and the Age of the Universe

 

Mechanics: The Men and their Theories

Galileo, Brahe, Kepler, Newton, Einstein

Video: Zero G

 

Basic Properties and Remote Sensing

Rocks and Minerals

Atoms and Isotopes, Properties of Light

Calculation: Wien's Law and Stefan-Boltzmann Law

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

Spectral Analysis

The Doppler Effect

Telescopes

 

Stellar Evolution                                                                                                                    

HR Diagrams and Main Sequence

Red Giants and the Chemicals of Life

Stellar Remnants

 

The Sun                                                                                                                                              

Physical Properties

Solar Energy: Generation and Transport

Proton-Proton Chain

Surface Activity

Magnetism and the Sun

The Solar Activity Cycle

The Solar Wind

Exam 1

 

Studying the Solar System: Basic Properties and Methodologies

Bulk Properties and Chemistry of the Planets

Rocks and Minerals

Mass, Size, and Density-Composition

Four types of matter

Origin and Classification of Rocks

Planetary Atmospheres-Reducing and Oxidizing

 

Meteorites: Remnants of Creation

Solar Nebula

Planetary Formation-Accretion and Fragmentation

Classification

Parent Bodies

Radioactive Dating

 

Asteroids

Discovery

Physical Properties

Families and Compositional Classes

Distribution: Main Belt, Trojan, Near-Earth

Methodology: Occultations, Spectroscopy, and Images

Computation: Collision Frequency

 

Comets

History

Origin: Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud

Physical Nature: Structural Components, Jets, etc.

Chemical Composition

 

The Moon

Appearance and Surface Features

Terrains: Highlands and Maria

Impact Basins

Craters: Process, Evolution, and Dating

Calculation: Impact Energies

Lunar Stratigraphy

Exploration: Robotic and Apollo Mission

Lunar Rocks: Breccias, Anorthosites, Basalts

Regolith

Volcanism

Interior and Magnetic Field

The Origin of the Moon

 

Mercury

Rotation-Radar Astronomy

Tides: Effect on Spin and Orbit

Geology: Craters, Ejecta, Scarps

Atmosphere

Interior and Magnetic Field

Origin: Protoplanets and Giant Impacts

 

Earth

Stages of Planetary Development

Evolution of the Atmosphere

CO2  and Carbonate Rocks

The Nature of Life

The Origin of Terrestrial Life and Fossil Record

Geologic Ages, Extinction Events, K/T Boundary Event

Continental Drift-Evolution of the Theory

Crust: Moho, oceanic-basalt and continental granite

Wegener- continental outlines, centrifugal force, Pangaea, problems-solid mantle, required forces

New evidence: continental plates, plastic upper mantle, mid-ocean ridges, seafloor spreading-echo sounding, relative dating

Plate tectonics: crustal plates, convection in mantle, rift zones, faults- transform boundaries, volcanism, divergent-rift zones and convergent boundaries-subduction zones folded mountain ranges

Confirmation: paleomagnetism, hotspots, sediment distribution, fossils, etc.

Seismology:

Seismic waves, P and S, wave properties, velocity, transformed waves, surface waves-R and L, earthquake coda

Measurement of waves: seismographs-Milne, location of epicenter, Richter- Wood-Anderson seismograph, Richter magnitude scale Ms, seismic moment Mw, dilatometer, strong-motion accelerometer

Sources:

Volcanic, fault and elastic rebound, fault rupture progression, 1906 San Francisco earthquake, Landers earthquake, asperities, deep focus earthquakes

Earth's interior structure:

Inner and outer cores revealed by waves reflected and refracted from internal structural boundaries, main shells of Earth's interior.

San Andreas fault-history and future

 

Venus

Appearance and Basic Properties

Spacecraft Exploration

Atmosphere-structure and greenhouse effect

Clouds

Large-scale surface features

Geology:

Craters and tectonics, volcanoes, coronae

Geological history

The Surface of Venus- landers and images

 

Mars

Appearance and Bulk Properties

Spacecraft Exploration

The Martian Surface

Craters and Chronology

Volcanoes and Tectonic Features

Martian Canyons and Channels

Polar Regions

Atmosphere

Weather

Water

Satellites

 

Planets and Life

Extrapolating from Earth to Mars

Atmospheric Composition

Search for Life on Mars

Viking Biology Experiments: GEX, LR, and PR

Active Soil

Atmospheres of Earth and Mars

Isotopes and Noble Gasses

Water on Mars - Missing Atmosphere

Impacts and Atmospheric Erosion

Video: Red Planet

 

  Exam 2

Review of the Gas Giant Planets

Origin and Basic Physical Properties

 

Jupiter and Saturn

Appearance and Basic Properties

Spacecraft Exploration-Voyager and Galileo Missions

Internal Structure-Metallic Hydrogen, Ice and Rock Cores

Interior Energy

Atmospheric Composition and Structure

Galileo Jupiter Probe Results

Weather:

Wind Patterns and Circulation

Atmospheric Features-Ovals, Great Red Spot, Hot Spots

Seasons

Cloud Chemistry

Interior Energy Source

 

  Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto

Discoveries of Uranus, Neptune and Pluto

Appearance and Basic Properties

Spacecraft Exploration

Atmospheres of Uranus and Neptune-Structure and Composition

Wind Patterns and Circulation

       Magnetic Field-Magnetospheres

Discovery of Pluto and Charon

 

Satellite Systems

Regular and Irregular: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune

Cratering Rates and Retention Ages

Callisto and Ganymede-Geology-Surface and Interior

Internal Activity

Europa and Io-Geology-Surface and Interior

Internal Activity

Volcanoes and Hot Spots of Io

Energy Sources

 

Titan Triton, and Pluto

Titan: Enigmatic Atmosphere

Atmospheric Models-Composition, Evolution, and Origin

Titan's Surface

Triton: Basic Data, Voyager Views, Thin Atmosphere, and Surface Activity

Bulk Properties

Pluto and Charon: Discovery

Determining Pluto's Mass

Surface and Atmosphere

 

Small Satellites

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune: surface features and chemical composition

 

Planetary Rings

Jupiter

Saturn: Particles, Overview, Inner, A and B, F, and Others

Uranus: Discovery, Occultations, Voyager Observations

Neptune: Discovery, Voyager 2, Forward Scattering

Satellite-Ring Interactions-waves, Shepherd Satellites Origin, Embedded Satellites, Resonance

Origin-Roche Limit and Calculation, Satellite Breakup

 

Solar System Origin

Solar Nebula-Gravitational Collapse of Interstellar Cloud

Angular Momentum, Magnetic Braking, Solar Wind

Evolution of the Disk; Condensation, Aggregation, Accretion-Planetesimals, and Dissipation

Impacts

Giant Planets and their Satellites

Rings

 

The following topics will be covered only if time allows:

       

The Search for Planets of Other Stars

 

Life in Other Planetary Systems

Detection and Communication Issues

Searches: SETI and others

 

Mars Meteorites

Digital Presentation-  SNC's

Video: Search for Alien Planets

 

Final Exam