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Zoology -- Tables

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum	Porifora	Cnidaria	Platyhelminthes	Nematoda	Annelida	Mollusca	Arthropoda	Echinodermata	Chordata
Subkingdoms	Parazoa	Eumetazoa, ectoderm epidermis
Superphyla/ Cavities	Spongocoel	Acoelomata	Pseudocoelomata	Coelomata	Coelomata schizocoel reduced haemocoel	Coelomata, schizocoel (almost absent) with large haemocoel	Coelomata
Symmetry		Radiata	Bilateria					most radial	Bilateral except tunicates
Development into Embryo	Proterostomata/blastopore --> mouth and the triploblastic mesoderm --> peritoneum							blastopore --> anus
Musculoskeletal	spicules, collagen	epitheliomuscular cells	circular and longitudinal muscle layers	hydroskelaton, exoskeleton circular and longitudinal muscles	endoskeleton	exoskeleton hydro. endo. - cuttlebone	(hydroskeleton) chitinous exoskeleton	endoskeleton (calcareous plates) exoskeleton (tubercles & spines pedicellarae	endoskeleton, bones
Circulatory					closed	open closed in Cephalopoda haemocoel, sinuses	open with tubular heart and large haemocoel, dorsal heart, ostia, pericardial sinus	open water vascular system madreporite, stone canal...	closed open in tunicates
Respiratory					gills/dermal/parapodia	ctenidium, gills/aqua, dermal/terr.	gills, book lungs (crust.), spiracles & tracheal tubes	dermal papulae/skin gills	gills: fish, true lungs after fish, skin resp. in amph., birds: separate from circ.
Neural Cephalization	nerve net	first cephalization; 2 solid, ventral, nerve chords with paired cerebral ganglia		circumenteric nerve ring; solid, ventral, nerve chord; complex in Cephalopoda; Arthropods: simple & compound (crust. and insects) eyes			circumenteric nerve ring, radial nerve chord, nerve net in podia. No cephalization	notochord
Excretory			protonephridia solenocytes/flame cells	renette cells, urinary bladders	protonephridia/ solenocytes, paired metanephridia, bladder	metanephridia	Malpighian tubules, green glands (crust.)	none, diffusion through papulae and podia	nephridia; kidneys in vert. uric acid: birds urea: rept, amph, mam ammonia: fish
Digestive	intracellular	gastrovascular cavity extra & intra cellular digestion		Complete gutspiral valve in sharks
Reproduction	asexual, hermaphroditic and dioecious	asexual polyps, sexual medusa, hermaphroditic Anthozoa & Hydra: polyps only	hermaphroditic asexual fragmentation	dioecious	clitellum, hermaphroditic (Poly. most dioecious) external fertilization internal for Hirudinea	monoecious/ hermaphroditic (some sequentially)	dioecious except asexual aphids: parthenogenesis	most dioecious with external fert., GSH some asexual	dioecious except tunicates
Characteristics	planula is larva choanocytes osculum - out ostium - in	nematocysts/stingers		unsuspended alimentary canal		ventral muscular foot, dorsal visceral mass, mantle, radula/odontophore	ecdysis/metamorphosis egg_larva_pupa_ adult egg_niad/nymph_ adult juvenile hormone	tube feet/podia marine only	pharyngeal gill slits, notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, postanal tail
Classes	Calcarea calcium spicules Hexactenellida glass, tubelike Demospongiae bath sponge, spongin Sclerospongiae corraline sponges	Hydrozoa - colonial Port. man-of-war, planula, Obelia, Hydra Scyphozoa true jellyfish, vellum Aurelia, scyplomedusa Anthozoa true corals, sea anemones polyps only	Turbellaria non-parasitic, Planaria Trematoda flukes, clonorchis Cestoda tapeworms, attaching scolex, proglottid: sections with zygotes, Taenia	hookworms Ascaris Trichinella	Polychaeta many bristles, marine, predators Oligochaeta few bristles earthworms Hirudinea no bristles leeches	Aplacophora solenogasters Monoplacophora Neopilina Polyplacophora chiton Scaphopoda/hollow foot tooth shell, long open-tube mantle Gastropoda/big foot single shell, spiral or lipid (abalone) shell, snail, slug, torsion Bivalvia no radula, clams, some freshwater, filter feeder Cephalopoda/head foot octopus, squid, nautilus	Chelicerata - fangs first 2 appendages Arachnida spiders Merostomata horseshoe crab, Limulus Pycnogonida sea spiders Mandibulata Biramia: gills and muscles in each leg, 2 pair antennae Crustacea Uniramia: 1 pair antennae Insecta Chilopoda centipedes, poisonous Diplopoda millipedes	Crinoidea sea lilies Asteroidea sea stars Ophiuroidea brittle stars Echinoidea sea urchins Holothuroidea sea cucumbers	Urochordata tunicate adults' only cordate trait is gill sac Cephalochordata Vertebrata backbones Agnathia jawless fish, lamprey Chondrichthyes cartilaginous fish, sharks and rays, placoid scales Osteichthyes bony fish, swim bladder, 2 chambered heart (CH) Amphibia 3 CH Reptilia 3 CH with septa, scales, internal fert., amniotic egg, teeth Aves few scales, endotherm, no teeth, 4 CH Mammalia fur, milk, legs down, big brain, endotherm, teeth monotremata: eggs marsupalia: pouches placental

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