TABLE OF CONTENTS

Executive Summary

Willard H. Murray, Jr.
Member of the Assembly


Juan Carrillo
California Arts Council

Phil Corrivau
General Manager, KXJZ

Gary Vercelli
Music Director, KXJZ

Joint Testimony of
Buddy Collette
Multireedist, Composer, Activist
and
Marl Young
Pianist, Composer, Activist

Edsel Matthews
General Manager, Koncepts Cultural Gallery

Robbin Ware
Founder, California Cultural Assembly

Louisa Spier
Publicist, Kimball's

Raymond Walker
Artist/Illustrator

David Hardiman
Jazz Instructor, City College of San Francisco

Dr. Willis F. Kirk
President Emeritus, City College of San Francisco

James C. Moore, Sr.
Owner, Jasman Record Company and E-Room Music Publishing Company

Addendums
Letter from the Sacramento Traditional Jazz Society
Copies of ACR 97 and AB 3061 (Murray, 1991-92 Session)


Executive Summary

On October 11, 1991 under the sponsorship of the Legislative Black Caucus, I conducted a hearing on the preservation of jazz as an artform. The purpose of the hearing was to explore the situation of jazz in California and to search for ideas on how the state might contribute to its preservation.

While the hearing did not focus on the history of jazz, there is a standing controversy among jazz scholars and experts on where jazz originated and who should take credit for its survival to date. Although jazz has African-American origins, it is not my intention to make jazz a racial issue. It developed from the contributions of many and is not the property of any particular ethnic group. Even though most of us felt that the low status jazz holds in this country may be in part connected to its African American origins, it is neither a black or a white thing. It is an American thing. It is our music and the only artform to originate from this country.

The panelists and I seemed to share the view that in its most basic and traditional form, jazz today reaches only a limited number of people and because of this, interest in it as a serious art study is in a decline particularly among our young people. We found several reasons for this declining interest. First and foremost is the lack of funding for K-12 music programs in our public schools since the enactment of Proposition 13. Second, even with this scant funding music teachers are not required to study jazz and are therefore generally unqualified to teach it with classical music in public schools. Third, the media--audio and visual--tends to ignore jazz when it has the unique capacity to promote interest by the public.

Because the panelists held divergent views on how jazz can be elevated to its proper status in this state, I chose to abandon the traditional executive summary for one more appropriate to this transcript. Below are selected quotes from each of the participating panelists that capture some of the main points of their testimony.

Signed -- WILLARD H. MURRAY, JR.


Juan Carrillo
Deputy Director of Programs
California Arts Council
Sacramento
"A big step toward greater support for jazz will come when we have eliminated racism and its impact on our ability to see, feel, and hear better."

Phil Corriveau
General Manager
KXPR-KXJZ
Sacramento
"Any legislation enacted in this state that supports public radio will also support jazz since noncommerical public stations are the primary outlet for jazz broadcasting.... The number of commercial jazz stations in this country now numbers exactly one--KJAZ in the Bay Area. That's the only commercial jazz station in the whole country. Public radio attempts to fill this void."

Gary Vercelli
Music Director
KXPR-KXJZ
Sacramento
"Jazz is America's classical music and it definitely should be treated as such. I don't know of a jazz festival in Europe that is not government supported. In order to be fair with artists and pay them what they rightfully deserve, you can't rely totally upon ticket sales. Jazz needs funding the way European classical music has enjoyed it."

Buddy Collette
Multi-Reedist, Composer, Activist
Board Member, KLON
Los Angeles
"Jazz is almost never taught in schools or otherwise presented to-our young people. One of the results of this neglect is that, particularly in our inner-city areas, entire generations of African Americans, young and adult, have grown up virtually ignorant of our country's rich contribution to world culture, which was largely created and nurtured by their ancestors and some of their contemporaries.

Jazz is still generally relegated to the 'back of the bus' in the country of its origin.

Another problem in school music programs is that the teachers lack the professional experience necessary to really teach music and don't use jazz as a tool for this purpose.

My success can be credited to early musical exposure. It's the key to everything."

Marl Young
Board Member, American Federation of Musicians Union
Pianist, Composer, Activist
Los Angeles
"We need to start from the very beginning--from grammar schools, then move to junior high and high schools.... Give us musicians who are 4, 5, and 6 years old, allow us to enhance that knowledge in junior high, high school, and junior college, and we can turn out accomplished jazz musicians who will bring with them audiences."

Edsel Matthews
Director, Koncepts Cultural Gallery
Oakland
"Outside of the United States, jazz is recognized for the art form that it is. Here in this country, jazz is in a situation where it has to straddle two worlds. On one hand, it has to survive as a commercial entity, but the economics are not there for people in the music business to present jazz. On the other hand, it's an art form that doesn't have the support and infrastructure that's needed to prosper in the same way that symphony, ballet, or dance has.

The people who are responsible for bringing the culture forward in this society don't know anything about jazz. They are intimidated by the music.... The notion must be created that they have a responsibility to present this music. Some of them work at state colleges and control a tremendous amount of public funds. They must be prompted to present and promote jazz just like they do symphony, opera, ballet."

Robbin Ware
Director, California Cultural Assembly
Sacramento
"We also need to bring jazz to the schools in order to encourage its preservation and presentation. The best way to do this is to bring about a new generation of youth who are interested in this music."

Louisa Spier
Publicist, Kimball's and Kimball's East
San Francisco
"There isn't an understanding in the general public about jazz music. Like others said earlier: The public doesn't understand jazz, they are intimidated by it, and the name recognition isn't there for the artists except for the top five jazz musicians in this country."

Raymond Walker
Artist/Illustrator
Del Paso Heights School District
Sacramento
"We must figure out ways to change the existing view America holds about jazz in order to accomplish its preservation. We have to do it with the youth. We have to do it in the schools (with increased governmental funding). But ... one of the first things we must do is create an understanding that America should appreciate jazz because jazz is exactly what America is supposed to be. America has always presented itself to the world as being home of the world's greatest experiment in how culturally diverse people might live together. But jazz ... is possibly the world's greatest experiment in how people might play.together. It is the music that represents America to the rest of the world."

David Hardiman
Music Instructor, City College of San Francisco
San Francisco
"California is lacking in music education in general, not just jazz.

The Legislature could ensure that there are music programs at all levels of education and that jazz is taught as part of the early elementary curriculum.... Children are not exposed to jazz early enough.

Today's music instructors were not required to study jazz.... when they teach jazz they are very limited and have no real background or interest.

A jazz program increases the number of students coming into music programs... students will go where there are jazz programs.

Even though it originated here, appreciation for jazz is not happening in the United States. We have to start young in order to build respect and appreciation."

Dr. Willis F. Kirk
President Emeritus, City College of San Francisco
Musician
San Francisco
"Jazz education must start at an early age. I certainly do believe it after having been in education since 1956.

I'm really disappointed that over the years we have allowed the schools to slip in terms of music education. In Japan, every child, grades 1-5 receives 2 hours a week of music instruction from a music specialist.

The music is magic when it comes to our representation of it and its representation of us in various parts of the world. This music is ours; we've got to catch up with the rest of the world in appreciating it.

When I grew up it was thought that jazz couldn't be taught. That was the prevalent thought. Today, we know jazz can be instructed just like any other music."

James C. Moore, Sr.
Jasman Record Company and E-Room Music Publishing Company
Oakland
"The entrepreneurs who control the music industry are not musicians, but they control the types of music that are presented to the public.

Classical music is viable because it's subsidized; blues and jazz aren't. In every large city, every year, there's some kind of function to support the symphony."
Continue to Opening Remarks by Assembly Member Murray
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