CONTENTS
Early American Imprints, Series I: Evans, 1639-1800 , is based on the American Bibliography by Charles Evans and Roger Bristol's Supplement to Evans' American Bibliography. This full text online collection serves as a foundation set for research involving early America. It covers every aspect of life in 17th- and 18th-century America, from agriculture and auctions through foreign affairs, diplomacy, literature, music, religion, the Revolutionary War, temperance, and witchcraft. Early American Imprints includes items previously produced on microform plus more than 1,000 additional works located, catalogued and digitized since completion of the earlier effort. The collection consists of more than 37,000 full text books, pamphlets and broadsides.
HOW TO ACCESS
Contents available at History Research Databases page. CSULB authentication required. Also title in this collection has been individually cataloged in COAST. You can review the list and open up individual titles.
SEARCH OPTIONS
Printing, Saving and Downloading
Boolean and Proximity Operators
Word Variants and Wildcard Searches (Colonial Typefonts)
The following help screens have been copied from Readex's Early American Imprints HELP screens
To use Browse/Simple Search:
Advanced Search is used to perform focused searches for terms in specific search fields. Each search field in the database can be searched by itself or in combination with other fields.
To use Advanced Search :
You may also type a search operator
directly into the input box. The following search fields are available:
The second portion of "My Collection" is "Search History." "Search History" provides information on citations and document pages that have been searched during this current session.
Printing, Saving and Downloading
Early American Imprints, Series I: Evans contains two distinctly different types of material. Techniques for printing and saving will be different.
The first type is exemplified by the RESULTS LIST or the CITATION PAGE. These pages are textual in nature and are best handled using the print utility of your browser. Depending on your printer and browser it is possible that the right edge of the printed document may clip some information. If this is the case switching from portrait to landscape orientation of page layout (part of the printer preferences) should alleviate this problem.
The integrated citation/TOC/publication page view has a Print Full Citation link. This link to a printer-friendly view is in the upper right just above the text of the citation. The Print Full Citation link is available in either the view of the full citation or the view of the publication/imprint. Clicking on this option will produce another window containing printer-friendly text. Using the "FILE" option in the toolbar of this window will allow printing and saving options. The "SAVE AS" function will save a .txt file to the location you direct. The "PRINT" function will produce a standard 8.5 X 11 version of the text.
The second type of material is graphic based. The image may be printed with the browser print function. It is usually necessary to reduce the image zoom to 50% to fit the image on a standard sheet of paper. Click on the Print Page link to call up a printer-friendly view of the page, from which you can print the individual page image from the .GIF file.
Images may also be downloaded in a .GIF format. By right clicking on the image as it appears in the page, a dialog box will pop up that allows the "SAVE AS" function in most browsers.
Images may also be downloaded in a .PDF format. This option will require the installation of the Adobe Acrobat reader on your computer. Acrobat has provisions for saving and printing these images.
Images may also be downloaded in a .TIF format. This format allows saving to the directory of your choice. Click on the TIFF link located directly above the view of the individual page image. The pop-up dialog box for File Download provides access to a toolbar that includes capabilities for printing, rotating the image, increase/decrease the zoom, and best fit/fit to width.
Downloading and Printing Multiple-Page Sets from Imprints
To print multiple-page sets of publications/imprints, click on the Download Pages link that is located above the integrated display of TOC, citation, and page image. PDF files are the default for downloading and printing bundled multiple-page images from Readex Digital Collections. Downloading multiple-page sets using the PDF default requires Adobe Acrobat Reader software to be installed on your workstation. Please note that a single download of multiple pages may consist of up to 25 pages.
Multiple-page bundling provides for downloading of up to 25 pages
individually selected from a publication
as a designated sequential range from a publication
as an entire publication, provided the publication is 25 or fewer pages
as an entire set of illustrations from a publication, provided the set contains 25 or fewer pages
NetImage, proprietary software from Readex used for multiple-page printing only (downloading is not an option with NetImage), may be activated at the institution level only, on request to Readex's Customer Service. If NetImage is selected for the institution, PDF multiple-page downloading and printing will not be available.
The search results, full citation display, and document page display pages include the following links for navigating Early American Imprints, Series I: Evans and for performing other functions:
Searching within the results of a current search is:
Following the completion of a search, the software inserts two radio buttons above the search box.
Each digitized document, i.e., Early American imprint (Evans or Shaw-Shoemaker), can be retrieved through searches against the bibliographic citations, as well as through searches against the pages of documents or of an individual document. The American Antiquarian Society created the full citations for the original primary documents.
Browse Searching is:
During the process of browsing on bibliographic terms, you may locate a term you would like to search. Click that term.
Browse lists of terms from the bibliographic citations are presented within the following six top categories:
To select an individual top category, click on its name. For example, clicking on Author opens a list of authors.
In some categories terms are organized into subcategories.
When a top category, such as Subjects, is selected, any available subcategories display immediately below their top category. The background color that encloses the top category and its subcategories helps you to keep your orientation while in the browse process.
To select a subcategory within the Subjects category, click on its name. You can also choose to use the vertical scroll bar to advance through the entire browse list of terms. Horizontal bars highlight the presence of a subcategory name within the scrollable list.
The named subcategories under Subjects are directly related to the content and to the assigned subject terms applied by the American Antiquarian Society. The groupings are loosely based on the Library of Congress Classification and the Dewey Decimal Classification System. Due to the high numbers of items that have been assigned terms from a particular area, a subclass may be used as separate category. For example, theology is a separate category, rather than a subsumed subject category under religion. The categories permit the display of browseable terms. The categories place no limitations on searchability.
Depending on the content and the assigned bibliographic terms, an individual browse-list term may also serve as a subcategory name.
Example: Under the top category, Genre, "Sermons" is a searchable term. "Sermons" also serves as a subcategory under which additional terms may be browsed.
Example: Literature is a subcategory under the top category of Subjects. "Poetry" is a subject term under the subcategory, Literature. "Poetry" also serves as a subcategory under which additional terms may be browsed. Click on "Poetry," to view the additional terms.
Browse-list terms within either top categories or subcategories are arranged alphabetically.
Term nesting is a powerful search strategy that allows you to pinpoint specific types of information by grouping terms inside parentheses and combining the term groups with different Boolean Operators. The tricky part is making sure you've structured your search so that it doesn't give you unintended results. Here are a few simple examples:
| Search Question | Suggested Search |
| Wasn't Aaron Burr involved in some question involving impeachment or executive privilege? | Burr AND (executive privilege OR impeachment) |
| I'd like to find articles on tax issues in Massachusetts but not about property taxes. | (taxes AND Massachusetts) NOT property |
Note: Not enclosing terms within parentheses will get you different, often less precise results. For example, Burr AND executive privilege OR impeachment will retrieve all articles that include the word "impeachment", whether or not they also include "Burr".
Combining different fields in a single search can be a very powerful search strategy. Clever combinations of terms and fields can help you pinpoint specific information very quickly and precisely, minimizing unwanted "noise" in the citations and/or documents you retrieve. A few examples:
| Search Question | Suggested Search |
|---|---|
| Investigate evidence that communicated availability of land grants before the American Revolution may have been a cause of settlement away from villages. | [Subjects] - "land grants" [Genres] - broadsides [Date] - 1639 - 1775 |
| Find all instances in which Anne Bradstreet used the word "mother" in her poetry. | [Author] - Bradstreet, Anne [Page Text] - mother |
| Compare German- and French-language music in the last two decades of the 18th century. | [Language] - (french OR german) [Subjects] - (songs OR hymns OR music) [Date] - 1780 - 1800 |
Note: The default operator between fields in a multiple-field search is AND. If you wish, you can change the operator to OR or NOT by clicking on the down arrow next to the AND and clicking OR or NOT from the resulting list.
Use any of the following operators to connect search terms and control how your search is processed.
AND -- Finds documents containing all your search terms.
Example: broadsides AND (bount* OR fugitive*) Why is this a good search? This is a good search to limit results to items that are broadsides, which advertise rewards for runaway slaves.
OR -- Finds documents containing any of your search terms.
Example: farming OR agriculture Why is this a good search? Farming and agriculture tend to be used interchangeably. Searching with both using the OR operator makes retrieval of all relevant items highly likely.
NOT -- Finds documents containing your first word, but not your second word.
Example: captivity NOT indian* Why is this a good search? This is a good search if you want to find instances of captivity exclusive of captivity narratives in an Indian context.
ADJ[x] -- Finds documents where search terms appear within x words of each other and in the same order they are entered in the search box. Where x is not specified, this proximity operator defaults to within 1 word, in a word order that matches the entered order.
Example: Philip ADJ3 Freneau Why is this a good search? Name searches are often compromised by the appearance of middle initials or middle names in items. Specifying that the first and last names appear within 3 words of each other, rather than right next to each other, ensures complete retrieval of items that name Philip Morin Freneau, regardless of the absence or presence of the middle name. Phrase searching is used to search for contiguous words as a phrase. The words are directly adjacent to each other, i.e., next to each other. To designate contiguous words that should be searched as a phrase, simply enclose the entered words within quotation marks. The search engine applies the default adjacency operation between each pair of contiguous terms, i.e., "mother ADJ country"; "high ADJ court ADJ chancery". Please note that in the phrase "high court of chancery", the word of is a stopword and is, therefore, ignored by the search software.
NEAR[x] -- Finds documents where search terms appear within x words of each other, in any order (i.e., left to right; or right to left). Where x is not specified, this proximity operator defaults to within 1 word, in any order.
Example: master NEAR5 servant Why is this a good search? This is a good search for finding items about the relationship between master and servant. The NEAR proximity operator finds all documents that contain the words master and servant within five words of each other, regardless of the words' order as they appear in the documents, i.e., servant could precede or follow master.
The Digital Collections material covers a period when imprints contained a character not in usage today. The long s character was almost identical to the f. Present Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology cannot distinguish the difference with any degree of success. Therefore the long s was evaluated as an f in the searchable text. It is suggested when searching Keywords containing the letter s that the ? wildcard be used in place of the s.
Some examples of variant spellings occurring in the material:
the modern spelling - the colonial spellings - suggested search keyword
This material predates the usage of standard spellings. It would be difficult to predict the exact usage of certain characters. However some conventions were common. The following are examples commonly seen. If in doubt the usage of wildcards is suggested.
Irregular vowel usage
Letter e to word endings
Missing h
Letter i and y
Wildcarding, or truncation, is the use of certain symbols (? or *) to replace one or more letters or characters in a search term. This can be useful when:
We discourage use of Wildcards or Truncation in the Document Number field.
Wildcarding Symbols:
Single Character Wildcarding: Question Mark (?)
Use the question mark in place of single letters. For example:
Multiple Character Wildcarding: Asterisk(*)
Use the asterisk in place of multiple letters. For example:
"Stopword" is a term generally applied to extremely common words that most search engines ignore completely.
NewsBank's new search engine allows you to search on every word you include in your search statements. Essentially, NewsBank has no "stopwords."
Many search engines do not allow this kind of specificity and precision in searching. Typically, they will eliminate a set of extremely common words, such as "the," "a," and "to" in order to make searches run faster.
NewsBank has found a way to allow you to search on these very common terms, if need be, without sacrificing speed. For example, if you wish to search on the phrase "the number of," NewsBank will retrieve articles containing that exact phrase. Other search engines would return anything containing the term "number," as "the" and "of" would have been eliminated as too common.
| If you're using: | Consider instead: |
|---|---|
| ADJ | NEAR, AND |
| AND | OR |
| NEAR | AND |
| NOT | (simply remove NOT and the words that follow) |
Note: The MLA citation format has evolved from a documentation standard firstAPA Embellished Citation Style
devised nearly fifty years ago by the Modern Language Association of America.
Note: The APA style of citation follows documentation principles developed by theFootnoting
American Psychological Association.
Note on Indentation:
For both APA and MLA style, these guidelines follow patterns of indenting citations five spaces after
the initial line. Other authorities use different indentation standards. For more information, you may
choose to consult any of the references listed in Other Citation Resources or ask your instructor
for his/her preferences.
Basic Citation Format:Newspaper Articles
Author. "Title." Date. Database Name. School or Library Name, City, State.
Date Accessed <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Basic Citation Example:
Wilson, John. "A copy of verses made by that Reverend man of God Mr. John Wilson,
Pastor to the First Church in Boston; on the sudden death of Mr. Joseph Brisco, who was
translated from earth to heaven Jan. 1. 1657 [i.e., 1658, N.S.]." 1658.
Early American Imprints, Series I: Evans. Kingfisher Brook H.S., Prince Charles, CT. 25 May 2002
<http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
No Author Listed - Example:
"First Thanksgiving Proclamation." 20 June 1676. NewsBank Public Library Collection.
John Locke Public Lib., Civic Township, AZ. 24 Jan. 2002.
<http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Basic Citation Format:More MLA Citation Tips
Author name (if available). "Article Title." Newspaper Title Date, edition,
section (if available): page (or number of paragraphs if unavailable). Database Name.
School or Library name, City, State. Date Accessed <http://infoweb.newsbank.com>.
Basic Citation Example:
Mendell, David. "Gutierrez Finds Tough Opponent in Castro." Chicago Tribune
5 Mar. 2002, North Sports Final ed., Metro sec.: 1. NewsBank NewsFile with Periodicals.
Central H.S., Our Town, CA. 7 Mar. 2002 <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
No Page Listed - Example:
Albert, Marc. "Software Firms on Prowl: Group Ferrets out Business Pirates." Oakland Tribune
14 Jan. 2002: 24 pars. TCR Collection. South Central Public Lib., Vineland, ME.
20 Jan. 2002 <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Note: In this example, the number of paragraphs (24 pars.)
takes the place of the unavailable page number.
Book Review Citation - Example:
Lessenberry, Jack. "Toledoan Offers Revealing Look at Afghanistan." Rev. of
The Taliban and Beyond: A Close Look at the Afghan Nightmare, by S. Amjad Hussain.
Blade [Toledo] 16 Dec. 2001, City Final ed., The Book Pages sec.: F3.
NewsBank Reference Service -- Issues and Perspectives. Smith Memorial H.S.
Lib., Willtown, DE. 15 Jan. 2002 <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Note: Since this newspaper's name does not include the city name, it
is added to the citation in square brackets to prevent confusion
with other papers of the same name published elsewhere.
Film Review Citation - Example:
Clemow, Robin. "'Sins' Seeks Atonement: Docudrama about Bobby Frank Cherry and Son
Tom Airs Sunday." Rev. of Sins of the Father, dir. Robert Dornhelm.
Birmingham Post Herald 4 Jan. 2002, 16 pars. NewsBank Newsfile Collection.
Central H.S., Middle Town, WI. 10 Jan. 2002 <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Theater Review Citation - Example:
Dolen, Christine. "Drama Offers 'Proof' of Excellence in Theater." Rev. of Proof,
dir. David Auburn. Coconut Grove Playhouse, Coconut Grove. Miami Herald 4 Feb. 2002,
Final ed., Living sec.: 1E. Review of the Arts, Ruskin H.S. Lib., Old Town, FL. 8 Feb. 2002
<http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
More MLA Citation Tips
Basic Citation Format:
Author name (if available). "Article Title." Magazine Title Date: page(s).
Database Name. School or Library Name, City, State. Date Accessed
<http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Basic Citation Example:
Kahn, Jeremy. "Stop Me Before I Pollute Again: This Power Baron Wants to Compromise
with Environmentalists." Fortune 21 Jan. 2002: 87+. TCR Collection. Fairweather
H.S. Lib., Hurricane, FL. 1 Feb. 2002 <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
No Author Listed - Example:
"Teen Science Classes Serve Up Lessons in Food Safety." FDA Consumer Feb. 2002: 9.
NewsBank Public Library Collection. Consolidated H.S., Combine, VA.
12 Feb. 2002 <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Book Review Citation - Example:
Parini, Jay. "Remebering Iris: A New Biography Gets It Half Right." Rev. of
Iris Murdoch: A Life, by Peter J. Conradi. Harper's Magazine Dec. 2001: 75.
NewsBank Newsfile Collection with Periodicals. Elm St. Elementary School
Lib., Rocky Roads, VT. 15 Dec. 2001 <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Film Review Citation - Example:
Ansen, David. "A 'Ring' to Rule the Screen: Peter Jackson's Fierce Imaginative
Movie Takes High-Flying Risks and Inspires with Its Power and Scale." Rev. of
The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, dir. Peter Jackson.
Newsweek 10 Dec. 2001: 75. TCR Collection. Mountain Ridge H.S. Lib.
Central City, MT. 24 Jan. 2002 <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Theater Review Citation - Example:
Peyser, Marc. "Tales From Behind Enemy Lines: 'Angels in America's' Tony Kushner
Goes Where Others Fear to Tread: Kabul." Rev. of Homebody/Kabul, dir.
Tony Kushner. New York Theatre Workshop. Newsweek 17 Dec. 2001: 68.
NewsBank Newsfile with Periodicals. Chestnut Tree Public Lib., Riverview, MA.
2 Feb. 2002 <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
More MLA Citation Tips
Basic Citation Format:
Author name (if available). "Title." Original Source Date. Provider (if
available). Database Name. School or Library Name, City, State. Date Accessed
<http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Basic Citation Example:
Kong, Deborah. "Disney to Create Single Internet Business."
San Jose Mercury News 17 Dec. 1997. Knight-Ridder/Tribune Business News.
Business NewsBank. River City Public Lib., North Country, ME. 4 Oct. 2000
<http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
No Author Listed - Example:
"Israel, PLO Intensify Peace Efforts." Reuters 10 Jan. 1995. Global NewsBank.
Gateway College Lib., Bear Falls, NY. 30 Apr. 2000 <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Basic Citation Format:More MLA Citation Tips
Author name (if available). Abstract of "Article Title." Original Source
Date: page. Provider name. Database Name. Name of School or Library, Date
Accessed <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Basic Citation Example:
Smith, Roger C. Abstract of "Ill-Fated Galleon." Archaeology
Jan./Feb. 1998: 42-46. Science & Technology Digest. TCR Collection.
Newtown H.S., Sandy Beach, NH. 15 June 2000 <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
No Author Listed - Example:
Abstract of "Recasting the Search for Alien Signals." Sky & Telescope
Feb. 1998: 18-19. Science & Technology Digest. NewsBank ScienceSource Collection.
Post Road Middle School Lib., Black Mountain, ND. 17 Sep. 2001
<http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Two Authors Listed - Example:
Zubrin, Robert, and Mitchell Burnside Clapp. Abstract of "Aviation's
Next Great Leap." MIT's Technology Review Jan./Feb.
1998: 30-36. Science & Technology Digest. NewsBank ScienceSource Collection.
Piney Hill School, White Sands, TX. 1 Oct. 2000 <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Three Authors Listed - Example:
Martinez, Joseph D., Kenneth S. Johnson, and James T. Neal. Abstract of
"Sinkholes in Evaporite Rocks." American Scientist Jan./Feb. 1998:
38-51. Science & Technology Digest. TCR Collection. Four Corners H.S.
Lib., Four Corners, AL. 17 Apr. 2001 <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Four or More Authors Listed - Example:
Albers, Lisa H., et al. Abstract of "Health of Children Adopted from the
Former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe." Journal of the American Medical Association
17 Sep. 1997: 922-924. Biology Digest. NewsBank ScienceSource Collection.
Middletown H.S., Middletown, NH. 1 Feb. 2002 <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Radio Transcripts - Citation Format:More MLA Citation Tips
"Transcript title." Original Source (if available) Broadcast Date.
Name of Provider. Database Name. Library or School Name, City, State. Date
Accessed <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Radio Transcripts - Citation Example:
"Nigerian Traditional Ruler Questioned in UK on Drug Charges."
Radio Kudirat 25 Mar. 1998. BBC Worldwide Monitoring.
Global NewsBank with Popular Periodicals. Deep Stream H.S. Lib.,
Apple Grove, RI. 24 Nov. 1999 <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Radio Interviews - Citation Example:
Siegel, Robert. "Drug War Numbers." Interview with Jeff Leen.
All Things Considered 2 Jan. 1998. National Public Radio.
Federal Document Clearing House. TCR Collection. Einstein H.S. Lib.,
Surrey, WA. 17 May 2000 <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Speech Transcripts - Citation Format:
Speaker name. "Transcript title." Speech. Sponsoring Organization
(if available). Speech location. Speech date. Source of transcript.
Database Name. School or Library Name, City, State. Date Accessed
<http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Speech Transcripts - Citation Example:
Clinton, Bill. "Clinton Remarks to People of Rwanda." Speech.
Kigali, Rwanda. 25 Mar. 1998. U.S. Newswire. NewsBank NewsFile Collection.
Arts and Sciences H.S., Mill Wheel, IL. 21 Mar. 2000 <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Note:More MLA Citation Tips Government Documents
In NewsBank products, graphics always appear as attachments to articles. They are not separately
searchable. The compound citation forms suggested below ensure that graphics cited can be found
through their source articles. The suggested citation formats are an extension of the MLA citation
style.
Tables, Charts and Graphs - Basic Citation format:
"Title of Graph or Chart." Table, Graph or Chart. "Article Title." Newspaper Title
Publication Date. Database Name. School or Library Name, City, State.
Date Accessed <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Tables, Charts and Graphs - Citation Example:
"Crime in Texas." Table. "Juvenile Crime Dips in Texas." The Dallas Morning News
20 June 1999. NewsBank NewsFile Collection. Yellowhammer H.S. Lib., Yellowhammer,
AK. 7 Feb. 2002 <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Photographs and Illustrations - Basic Citation format:
Name of Artist. [Description of Photograph or Illustration]. "Article Title."
NewsPaper Title Publication Date. Database Name. School or Library Name,
City, State. Date Accessed <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Photographs and Illustrations - Citation Example:
Gilbert, Bob [Photograph of Thomas Point Lighthouse]. "Lighthouse May Become U.S.
National Landmark." The Capital [Annapolis] 7 Oct. 1998.
TCR Collection. Kennedy H.S. Lib., Atlantis, MO. 14 July 2000
<http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Basic Citation Format:More MLA Citation Tips
United States. Department or Agency name. "Document Title." Document
Date. Database Name. School or Library Name, City, State. Date Accessed
<http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Basic Citation Example:
United States. Department of State. "Finland; Series: Background Notes."
June 1999. TCR Collection. Park H.S., Alton, VT.
26 Nov. 2001 <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Congressional Record - Citation Format:
Sen. or Rep. Name of Speaker (Home State Abbreviation). "Title."
Cong. Rec. Date. Database Name. School or Library Name,
City, State. Date Accessed <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Congressional Record - Citation Example:
Sen. Byrd (WV). "Origins of Fast Track." Cong. Rec. 7 Nov. 1997.
NewsBank NewsFile Collection. Beeline Middle School Lib., Frederick,
NJ. 18 Apr. 2001 <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Resolutions - Basic Citation Format:More MLA Citation Tips
United Nations. Name of Subsidiary Body. Meeting Number or Session.
Resolution Number: Title Date. Database Name. School or
Library Name, City, State. Date Accessed <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Resolutions - Basic Citation Example:
United Nations. General Assembly. 52nd Session. Resolution 9:
University for Peace 10 Nov. 1997. TCR Collection.
Otter Slide H.S. Lib., Newmarket, NC. 29 Sep. 2000 <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Untitled Resolutions - Example:
United Nations. Security Council. 3827th Meeting. Resolution 1135.
29 Oct. 1997. TCR Collection. Daedalus High School,
Waxwing, CT. 18 Dec. 2000 <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Meeting Records and Reports - Citation Format:
United Nations. Name of Subsidiary Body. Meeting Number or Session.
Title. Date. Database Name. School or Library Name, City,
State. Date Accessed <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Meeting Records and Reports - Example:
United Nations. General Assembly. 52nd Session.
Summary Record of the 39th Meeting. 30 Sept. 1997.
NewsBank Public Library Collection. City Lib., Running Spring, NM. 18 Feb. 2001
<http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Letter Documents - Citation Format:
Author. Title of Document. Document Date. United Nations. Name of
Subsidiary Body. Database Name. School or Library Name, City, State. Date Accessed
<http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Letter Documents - Example:
Annan, Kofi A. Letter Dated 12 December 1997 from the Secretary-General.
13 Dec. 1997. United Nations. Security Council. TCR Collection
Rip Van Winkle Academy Lib., Century, VT. 8 Oct. 2001
<http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
| Dates: | Abbreviate all months except May, June and July. |
| Titles: |
|
| Indentation: | Each citation line, after the first, should be indented five spaces. |
| Abbreviations: | MLA style allows the use of many abbreviations, such as state postal codes, anon. for anonymous, pars. for paragraphs, ed. for edition, and many more. For a more complete listing please refer to the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, cited below. |
| Multiple Authors: |
Examples:
|
Basic Citation Format:Newspaper Articles
Author. (Year, Month day). Title. Retrieved Month Day, Year from (Readex or NewsBank)
database (Database Name, Record No.).
Basic Citation Example:
Wilson, John. (1658). A copy of verses made by that Reverend man of God Mr. John Wilson, Pastor to the First Church in Boston; on the sudden death of Mr. Joseph Brisco, who was translated from earth to heaven Jan. 1. 1657 [i.e., 1658, N.S.].
Retrieved May 25, 2002 from Readex database
Early American Imprints, Series I: Evans, Record No. 0CFA8427F0163980 ).
No Author Listed - Example:
First Thanksgiving proclamation. (1676, June 20). Retrieved October 28, 2001
from NewsBank database (NewsBank Public Library Collection, Record No.
0CD5EE18D2A5A200).
Basic Citation Format:More APA Citation Tips
Author name. (Year, Month day). Article Title. Newspaper Title
(edition, if available), Starting page. Retrieved Month Day, Year from
NewsBank database (Database Name, Record No.).
Basic Citation Example:
Lancaster, John. (2002, February 8). Senate votes to lower farm subsidy ceiling.
The Washington Post, A6. Retrieved February 11, 2002, from NewsBank database
(NewsBank NewsFile Collection with Periodicals, Record No. 0F18F3556D6ADF39).
No Page Listed - Example:
Albert, Marc. (2002, January 14). Software firm on prowl: Group ferrets out business
pirates.Oakland Tribune Retrieved January 26, 2002 from NewsBank database
(TCR Collection, Record No. 0F0F1DA8E8D392C9).
Book Review Citation - Example:
Lessenberry, Jack. (2001, December 16). Toledoan offers revealing look at Afghanistan
[Review of the book The Taliban and Beyond: A Close Look at the Afghan
Nightmare]. The Blade [Toledo], F3. Retrieved January 16, 2002
from NewsBank database (NewsBank NewsFile Collection with Periodicals, Record
No. 0F0824F96DE29A7A).
Note: Since this newspaper's name does not include the city name, it is added to the
citation in square brackets to prevent confusion with other papers of the same
name published elsewhere.
Film Review Citation - Example:
Clemow, Robin. (2002, January 4). 'Sins' seeks atonement: Docudrama about Bobby Frank
Cherry and son Tom airs Sunday [Review of the movie Sins of the Father].
Birmingham Post Herald. Retrieved January 16, 2002 from NewsBank database
(NewsBank NewsFile Collection, Record No. 0F014604401F58D2).
Theater Review Citation - Example:
Dolen, Christine. (2002, January 4). Drama offers 'Proof' of excellence in theater
[Review of the play Proof]. Miami Herald (Final ed., Living sec.),
1E. Retrieved February 8, 2002 from NewsBank database (Review of the Arts, Record
No. 0F189EDC2F6A461B).
Basic Citation Format:More APA Citation Tips
Author name. (Year, Month Day). Title. Magazine title, volume (issue), page no.
or starting page +. Retrieved Month Day, Year from NewsBank database
(Database name, Record No.).
Basic Citation Example:
Yeager, Selene. (2002, February). This ain't your Mom's stationary bike: Spinning--the
next best thing to being on the trail . Mountain Bike, 18 (2), 22. Retrieved
February 19, 2002 from NewsBank database (NewsBank Newsfile with Periodicals,
Record No. 0F18074832D6E0C5).
No Author Listed - Format:
Title. (Year, Month Day). Magazine title, volume (issue), page no. or starting page +.
Retrieved Month Day, Year from NewsBank database (Database name, Record No.).
No Author Listed - Example:
Teen science classes serve up lessons in food safety. (2002, February). FDA Consumer,
36 (1), 9. Retrieved February 12, 2002 from NewsBank database (NewsBank Public
Library Collection, Record No. 0F17F8F257937051).
Book Review Citation - Example:
Parini, Jay. (2001, December). Remembering Iris: A new biography gets it half right
[Review of the book Iris Murdock: A Life]. Harper's Magazine, 333
(1819), 74. Retrieved December 15, 2001 from NewsBank database (NewsBank Newsfile
Collection with Periodicals, Record No. 0F0831AA84332338).
Film Review Citation - Example:
Ansen, David. (2001, December 10). A 'Ring' to rule the screen: Peter Jackson's fierce,
imaginative movie takes high-flying risks and inspires with its power and scale
[Review of the movie The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring].
Newsweek, 75. Retrieved January 19, 2002 from NewsBank database (TCR
Collection, Record No. 0F1311274C92ABD6).
Theater Review Citation - Example:
Peyser, Marc. (2001, December 17). Tales from behind enemy lines: 'Angels in America's'
Tony Kushner goes where others fear to tread: Kabul [Review of the play
Homebody/Kabul.] Newsweek, 68. Retrieved February 2, 2002 from
NewsBank database NewsBank Newsfile with Periodicals, Record No. 0F1311286C006729).
Basic Citation Format:More APA Citation Tips
Author name. (Year, Month Day). Title [Wire Service]. Original Source.
Provider name. Retrieved Month Day, Year from NewsBank database (Database Name,
Record No.).
Basic Citation Example:
Kong, D. (1999, July 13). Disney to create single internet business [Wire Service].
San Jose Mercury News Knight-Ridder/Tribune Business News. Retrieved October
4, 2000 from NewsBank database (Business NewsBank, Record No. 0DE32011168D760A).
No Author Listed - Format:
Title [Wire Service]. (Year, Month Day). Original Source. Provider. Retrieved
Month Day, Year from NewsBank database (Database Name, Record No.).
No Author Listed - Example:
Israel, PLO intensify peace efforts [Wire Service]. (1995, January 10). Reuters.
Reuters America Inc. Retrieved April 30, 2000 from NewsBank database
(Global NewsBank, Record No. 0D724AF62670CB8A).
Basic Citation Format:More APA Citation Tips
Author. (Year, Month Day). [Abstract of Article title, Original Source, Volume
(issue)], Provider name. Retrieved Month Day, Year from NewsBank database
(Database Name, Record No.).
Basic Citation Example:
Smith, R.C. (1998, January/February). [Abstract of Ill-fated galleon, Archaeology,
51 (1)], Science & Technology Digest. Retrieved June 15, 2000 from NewsBank
database (TCR Collection, Record No. 0D39281E9304422A).
No Author Listed - Example:
Abstract of Recasting the search for alien signals. (1998, February). Sky & Telescope,
95 (2), Science & Technology Digest. Retrieved September 17, 2001 from NewsBank
database (NewsBank ScienceSource Collection, Record No. 0D39282062F18195).
Multiple Authors Listed - Example:
Albers, L.H., Johnson, D.E., Hostetter, M., Iverson, S. & Miller, L.C. (1997,
September 17). [Abstract of Health of children adopted from the former Soviet Union
and Eastern Europe, Journal of the American Medical Association, 278 (11)],
Science & Technology Digest. Retrieved November 1, 2001 from NewsBank
database (NewsBank ScienceSource Collection, Record No. 0D3188ECECF3E680).
Note: List author names in the same order given in the digest.
Radio Transcripts - Citation Format:More APA Citation Tips
Transcript title [Radio transcript]. (Year, Day Month). Original Source.
Provider name. Retrieved Month Day, Year from NewsBank database (Database Name,
Record No.).
Radio Transcripts - Example:
Nigerian traditional ruler questioned in UK on drug charges [Radio transcript]. (1998,
March 25). Radio Kudirat. BBC Worldwide Monitoring. Retrieved November 24, 2001
from NewsBank database (Global NewsBank with Popular Periodicals, Record
No. 0D480C60694D0700).
Radio Interviews - Citation Format:
Reporter name. (Year, Month Day). Title [Radio transcript, interview with ...].
Title of Program (if available). Name of network (if available). Provider name.
Retrieved Month Day, Year from NewsBank database (Database Name, Record No.).
Radio Interviews - Example:
Siegel, R. (1998, January 2). Drug war numbers [Radio transcript, interview with J. Leen].
All Things Considered. National Public Radio. Federal Document Clearing House.
Retrieved May 17, 2000 from NewsBank database (TCR Collection, Record No.
0D2C3E6FA7FEC820).
Speech Transcripts - Citation Format:
Speaker name. (Year, Month Day). Title [Transcript of speech]. Source of transcript.
Retrieved Month Day, Year from NewsBank database (Database Name, Record No.).
Speech Transcripts - Example:
Clinton, B. (1998, March 25). Clinton remarks to people of Rwanda [Transcript of speech].
U.S. Newswire. Retrieved March 21, 2001 from NewsBank database
(NewsBank NewsFile Collection, Record No. 0D46B943CDF9F2CA).
Note:More APA Citation Tips
In NewsBank products, graphics always appear as attachments to articles. They are not
separately searchable. The compound citation forms suggested below ensure that graphics
cited can be found through their source articles. The suggested citation formats are an
extension of the APA citation style.
Tables, Charts and Graphs - Basic Citation Format:
Title of Graph, Chart or Table. (Year, Month Day). Table, Chart or Graph. Article Title.
Newspaper Title (edition, if available), Starting page. Retrieved Month Day,
Year from NewsBank database (Database Name, Record No.).
Tables, Charts and Graphs - Example:
Crime in Texas. (1999, 20 June). Table. Juvenile crime dips in Texas. The Dallas
Morning News (Third ed.), 45A. Retrieved July 7, 2001 from NewsBank
database (NewsBank NewsFile Collection, Record No. 0DDBA7CAF8F3B56A).
Note: Most tables, charts and graphs associated with NewsBank articles are not
credited to an individual. However, if the creator of a graphic is listed,
their name should appear first in the citation.
Photographs and Illustrations - Basic Citation Format:
Name of Artist. (Photographer or Illustrator). (Year, Month Day). [Description of
Photograph or Illustration]. Article Title. Newspaper Title (edition,
if available), Starting page. Retrieved Month Day, Year from NewsBank
database (Database Name, Record No.).
Photographs and Illustrations - Example:
Gilbert, B. (Photographer). (1998, 7 October). [Photograph of Thomas Point lighthouse].
Lighthouse may become U.S. national landmark. The Capital [Annapolis].
Retrieved July 14, 2001 from NewsBank database (TCR Collection, Record No.
0D8DDBFB80B7F660).
Basic Citation Format:More APA Citation Tips
United States or State Name. Department or Agency name. (Year, Month Day).
Document title. Retrieved Month Day, Year from NewsBank database
(Database Name, Record No.).
Basic Citation Example:
United States. Department of State. (1999, June). Finland; Series: Background Notes.
Retrieved November 26, 2000 from NewsBank database (TCR Collection, Record No.
0DE2D0A376CB5AEA).
Congressional Record - Basic Format:
Last name of Speaker, Sen. or Rep. [home state abbreviation]. (Year, Month Day). Title.
Congressional Record. Retrieved Month Day, Year from NewsBank database
(Database Name, Record No.).
Congressional Record - Example:
Byrd, Sen. [WV]. (1997, November 7). Origins of Fast Track. Congressional Record.
Retrieved April 18, 2001 from NewsBank database (NewsBank NewsFile Collection,
Record No. 0D21128CE0B44360).
Resolutions - Citation Format:More APA Citation Tips
United Nations. Name of Subsidiary Body. Meeting number or session. (Year, Month Day).
Resolution number: Title. Retrieved Month Day, Year from NewsBank
database (Database Name, Record No.).
Resolutions - Example:
United Nations. General Assembly. 52nd Session. (1997, November 10). Resolution 9:
University for Peace. Retrieved September 29, 2001 from NewsBank database
(TCR Collection, Record No. 0D2E8978B2E5DF4A).
Meeting Records and Reports - Citation Format:
United Nations. Name of Subsidiary Body. Meeting number or session. (Year, Month Day).
Title. Retrieved Month Day, Year from NewsBank database (Database Name,
Record No.).
Meeting Records and Reports - Example:
United Nations. General Assembly. 52nd Session. (1997, September 30). Summary Record
of the 39th Meeting. Retrieved February 18, 2002 from NewsBank database
(NewsBank Public Library Collection, Record No. 0D387B7A4985FFEA).
Letter Documents - Citation Format:
Author. (Year, Month Day). Title. United Nations. Name of Subsidiary Body.
Retrieved Month Day, Year from NewsBank database (Database Name, Record No.).
Letter Documents - Example:
Annan, K.A. (1997, 12 December). Letter dated 12 December 1997 from the Secretary-General.
United Nations. Security Council. Retrieved October 8, 2001 from NewsBank database
(TCR Collection, Record No. 0D387B759A7D938A).
| Italics: | Underlining is acceptable if it is impossible to use italics. |
| Dates: | Spell out all months in full. Do not abbreviate. |
| Titles: | Capitalize the first letter of the first word, but use lower case for all other words, except the initial letters of proper names. |
| Indentation: | Each citation line, after the first, should be indented five spaces. |
| Record Numbers: | These appear at the bottom of each NewsBank article. |
| Name order: | For most Western or Westernized names, place the last name first. Separate last and first names with commas. |
| Multiple Authors: |
Examples:
|
Note - par. refers to the number of the paragraph referenced. This information
allows readers to locate the relevant part of the article quickly. Count
from the top.
1. Matthew Cooper, "Stubbing Out a Deal," Newsweek 20 Apr. 1998:
par. 3, NewsBank NewsFile Collection with Periodicals, Sea Cliffs H.S. Lib.,
Hungerford, ME, 15 Sep. 2001 <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
2. "School's in Session," Chicago Sun-Times 22 Mar. 1998: par. 5,
TCR Collection, Sea Cliffs H.S. Lib., Hungerford, ME, 15 July 2001
<http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
3. United Nations, General Assembly, 52nd Session, Summary Record
(30 Sep. 1997), par. 2, TCR Collection,
Sea Cliffs H.S. Lib., Hungerford, ME, 15 Dec. 2001
<http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
4. Cooper, par. 12.
5. "School's ...," par. 15.
6. U.N., Gen. Assem., 52nd...,Summary ... 39th Meeting, par. 22.
Note - par. refers to the number of the paragraph referenced. This information
allows readers to locate the relevant part of the article quickly. Count
from the top.
EXAMPLES:
Single Author: Another exotic plant species, the Brazilian pepper berry, is suspected of causing, in many Florida communities, "berry feeding frenzies that result in besotted birds" (Hollingsworth, par. 4).
Multiple Authors: The cost of raising a child has increased about 20 percent since 1960, according to recent estimates (Longman and Graham, par. 2).
For Even More Authors: Three Authors - (Longman, Graham, and Pike, par. 4).
Four or More Authors - (Longman, et al., par. 12).
One Author - Two Articles:
The pessimism Ms. Hunter expresses about the accuracy of nutritional labels in her earlier article seems somewhat at odds with the impressive accuracy statistics she cites in her later report. ("Food Labels...," par. 1; "Nutritional Labeling...," par. 2).No Author Listed:
Noting with concern the growing prevalence of alternative therapies, a frustrated physician notes that: "Eighteen years had taught me one simple lesson: real disease exists" ("Hearts and Minds," par. 15).Works Cited
"Hearts and Minds." Discover Dec. 1997: 49.
TCR Collection. Daedalus High School, Waxwing, CT.
18 Dec. 2001 <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Hollingsworth, Jan. "Are Birds Suffering, or High on
Berries?" Tampa Tribune 20 Nov. 1997: 1.
TCR Collection. Daedalus High School, Waxwing, CT.
18 Dec. 2001 <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Hunter, Beatrice Trum."Food Labels Still Confuse."
Consumers' Research April 1997: 8-9. TCR Collection.
Daedalus High School, Waxwing, CT. 18 Dec. 2001
<http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Hunter, Beatrice Trum. "Nutritional Labeling Revisited."
Consumers' Research May 1997: 8-9. TCR Collection.
Daedalus High School, Waxwing, CT. 18 Dec. 2001
<http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
Longman, Philip J., and Amy Graham. "The Cost of
Children." U.S. News & World Report 30 Mar.
1998: 50-53+. TCR Collection. Daedalus High School,
Waxwing, CT. 18 Dec. 2001 <http://infoweb.newsbank.com/>.
American Psychological Association. Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association
4th ed. Washington, DC: APA, 1994.
Electronic Reference Formats Recommended by the American Psychological Association.
9 Aug. 1999. American Psychological Assn. 16 Aug. 1999
<http://www.apa.org/journals/webref.html>.
APA Style for Electronic Resources. 1 Aug. 2001. American Psychological Assn.
15 Jan. 2002 <http://www.apastyle.org/styleelecref.html>.
Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 5th ed. New York:
MLA, 1999.
Li, Xia and Nancy B. Crane. Electronic Styles: A Handbook for Citing Electronic Information.
2nd ed. Medford, NJ: Information Today, 1996.
MLA Style. 9 Jul. 1998. Modern Language Assn. 16 Aug. 1999
<http://www.mla.org/set_stl.htm>.
