The IRB is involved in a risk-benefit analysis for each project, but so is each subject with respect to his or her own participation. Accordingly, just as the researcher is obliged to report accurately the risks that are inherent in the research, the researcher is also required to inform the potential or participating subject of the possible benefits of participation. When there is no direct benefit to the subjects they must be told this frankly and directly. If the benefit changes because of the results or preliminary results of the research, the subjects and the IRB must be notified immediately.
Although not considered a research benefit, measures taken to protect subjects from an adverse consequence of the research should also be described. An example would be the availability of medical services in an exercise physiology experiment.
One form of benefit is the incentive payment for participation. In some areas of research it is so difficult to accumulate statistically significant numbers of volunteers that direct cash or coupon payments are used to induce participation. Paid participants have exactly the same rights as unpaid volunteers. The IRB will review all requests to pay participants very carefully.
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