Biological Sciences - Undergraduate Courses

College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics


Biology Courses (BIOL)

Students pursuing a major and/or a minor in this Department may receive unit credit for courses marked with the symbol ‘##’ as a general elective but may not apply the units toward the specific or elective requirements for any degree or option in this Department. Majors in this department may, however, take, for general education purposes, interdisciplinary courses offered by this Department. All other courses in this Department are open to majors and minors but by letter grade only (A-F). Courses with an asterisk may be used in graduate programs.

LOWER DIVISION

100.## Biology of the Human Environment (3) F,S
Prerequisites: Completion of or concurrent enrollment in a course that fulfills one of the Foundation requirements in GE.
Biological perspective on the interaction between humans and their environment. Specifically designed for non-science majors.
(Lecture 3 hrs.)

110H. Ideas in the Biological Sciences – Honors (1)
Prerequisites: Consent of instructor.
Examination of the biological and biochemical sciences. Readings and discussions will familiarize participants with advances in biological sciences. Historical context, importance, and scientific and social consequences of these discoveries will be examined. Research faculty in Biological Sciences and Chemistry/Biochemistry introduced.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Discussion 1 hr.)

153. Introduction to Marine Biology (3) F,S
Prerequisites: Completion of or concurrent enrollment in courses that fulfill the A.1 and B.2 GE requirements.
Scientific approach to the study of marine organisms and their relationships to the environment. Emphasis on human interaction with marine ecosystems.
(Lecture 2 hrs., laboratory and field 3 hrs.) Field trips may be required outside of scheduled class time. Not open for credit to students with credit in BIOL 201. Course fee may be required.

153L. Introduction to Marine Biology Laboratory (1) F,S
Prerequisites: Completion at another accredited institution of coursework deemed equivalent to the lecture portion only of BIOL 153 and consent of department.
Identical to the laboratory portion of BIOL 153.
Students enrolled in BIOL 153L will take it in the same room and at the same time as students enrolled in BIOL 153. Not open for credit to students with credit in BIOL 153. (Laboratory 3 hrs.)

200.## General Biology (4) F,S
Prerequisite: Completion of GE Foundation requirements.
Brief survey of major areas of biology including cell biology, genetics, evolution, phylogeny, plant and animal anatomy and physiology, ecology, and behavior. Specially designed for non-science majors.
(Lecture 3 hrs., laboratory 3 hrs.) Course fee may be required.

200L.## General Biology Laboratory (1) F,S
Prerequisites: Completion at another institution of coursework deemed equivalent to the lecture component only of BIOL 200 and consent of Department. BIOL 200L is identical to the laboratory component of BIOL 200.
Students enrolled in BIOL 200L will take it in the same room and at the same time as students enrolled in BIOL 200.
Not open for credit to students with credit in BIOL 200. (Laboratory 3 hrs.) Course fee may be required.

204.## Essentials of Pharmacology (2) F,S
Prerequisites: BIOL 207.
Systematic study of drugs, their classification, methods and routes of administration, therapeutic and toxic effects with emphasis on nursing implications.
Not designed for majors in the College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics. Not open to students with a “C” or better in A/P 206. Priority registration given to students who have been accepted into the B.S. in Nursing. (Lecture 2 hrs.)

205.## Human Biology (4) F,S
Prerequisites: Completion of GE Foundation requirements.
Brief survey of human biology focusing on anatomy, physiology, and development of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems; including molecular biology, genetics, ecology, evolution, and diversity. Specially designed for non-science majors.
Not open for credit to students with credit in A/P 107 or 205. (Lecture 3 hrs., laboratory 3 hrs.) Course fee may be required.

205L.## Human Biology Laboratory (1) F,S
Prerequisites: Completion at another accredited institution of coursework deemed equivalent to the lecture portion only of BIOL 205 and consent of department.
Identical to the laboratory portion of BIOL 205.
Students enrolled in BIOL 205L will take it in the same room and at the same time as students enrolled in BIOL 205. Not open for credit to students with credit in BIOL 205. (Laboratory 3 hrs.)

207.## Human Physiology (4) F,S
Prerequisites: Completion of GE Foundation requirements.
General introduction to the functional integration of human body systems. Designed for majors in biomedical engineering, physical education, and the allied health fields.
Not open for credit to students with credit in A/P 207 or 209. (Lecture 3 hrs., laboratory 3 hrs.) Course fee may be required. (CAN BIOL 12)

208.## Human Anatomy (4) F,S
Prerequisites: Completion of the GE Foundation requirements.
Gross anatomy of humans from the cellular to the systemic levels. Intensive laboratory experience including the use of human cadavers. Designed for majors in kinesiology and the allied health fields.
Not open for credit to students with credit in A/P 208 or 202. (Lecture 3 hrs., laboratory 3 hrs.) Course fee may be required.

211A. Biological Sciences I (5) F,S
Prerequisite: CHEM 111A with a grade of “C” or better and completion of GE Foundation requirements. Prerequisite or corequisite: CHEM 111B.
Introduction to cellular and molecular principles common to life forms including biological macromolecules, cell structure, metabolism, genetics, and molecular biology. Also includes microbiology of prokaryotes and the origin of life.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 3 hrs., laboratory 6 hrs.) Course fee may be required. (BIOL 211A+211B, CAN BIOL SEQ A.)

211B. Biological Sciences II (5) F,S
Prerequisites: BIOL 211A, CHEM 111B with a grade of “C” or better.
Second of a two-semester introductory sequence for biological science majors. Introduction to organismal biology: diversity, structure, evolution, and ecology of and function of prokaryotes, protists, fungi, plants, and animals.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 3 hrs, laboratory 6 hrs.) Course fee may be required. (BIOL 211A+211B, CAN BIOL SEQ A)

211C. Biological Sciences Laboratory I (2) F,S
Prerequisites: Completion at another accredited institution of coursework equivalent to the lecture component only of BIOL 211A and consent of Department. BIOL 211C is identical to the laboratory component of BIOL 211A.
Students enrolled in BIOL 211C will take it in the same room and at the same time as students enrolled in BIOL 211A.
Not open for credit to students with credit in BIOL 211A. Letter grade only (A-F).(Laboratory 6 hrs.) Course fee may be required.

211D. Biological Sciences Laboratory II (2) F,S
Prerequisites: Completion at another accredited institution of coursework equivalent to the lecture component only of BIOL 211B and consent of Department. BIOL 211D is identical to the laboratory component of BIOL 211B.
Students enrolled in BIOL 211D will take it in the same room and at the same time as students enrolled in BIOL 211B.
Not open for credit to students with credit in BIOL 211B. Letter grade only (A-F). (Laboratory 6 hrs.) Course fee may be required.

220H. Fundamentals of Bioinformatics – Honors (2)
Prerequisites: BIOL 211A and consent of instructor.
Introduction of scope and use of biological information, molecular structure, and literature databases. Basic comparison methods of DNA and protein sequences including sequence alignment, analysis of 3-D structures, and phylogenetic analysis. Fundamentals of DNA sequencing and genetic survey techniques included.
Course fee may be required. Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 1 hr., laboratory 3 hrs.)

260. Biostatistics (3)
Prerequisites: BIOL 211A or BIOL 207 or MICR 200; MATH 112 or 117 or 119A or 122.
Probability and statistics used in the description and analysis of biological data.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 2 hrs., laboratory 3 hrs.) Course fee may be required.

UPPER DIVISION

301.## Biology of Human Aging (3)
Prerequisites: BIOL 200 or 205 or 207.
Biological processes associated with aging in humans. Emphasis on both cellular and organ aging.
Specifically designed for the gerontology program. Not open to students with “C” or better in A/P or BIOL 401. (Lecture 3 hrs.)

303.## Coastal Systems and Human Impacts (3)
Prerequisites: Completion of GE Foundation requirements, one or more Explorations courses, and upper-division standing; BIOL 153 or 200 or 211B; GEOL 102 or 160.
Defines and describes natural processes impacting human activities in the coastal zone and how human practices influence natural processes. Topics include global warming, sea level rise, El Nino, port development, ocean outfalls and water quality, fisheries, and coastal erosion.
Same course as GEOL 303. Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 3 hrs.)

304.## Pathophysiology (3) F,S
Prerequisites: BIOL 207, 208; CHEM 140; MICR 200.
Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of common disorders of human nervous, musculoskeletal, endocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory, excretory, digestive, and reproductive systems with emphasis on the physiological basis of the disease process and clinical correlations.
Not designed for majors in the College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics. Not open to students with a “C” or better in A/P 305. Priority registration given to students who have been accepted into the B.S. in Nursing. (Lecture 3 hrs.)

306.## Human Prosection (3) F, odd years
Prerequisites: BIOL 208 or 332 and consent of instructor.
Detailed regional dissection of the human body with emphasis on dissection techniques.
Not open for credit to students with credit in A/P 306 or 336. Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 1 hr., laboratory 6 hrs.) Course fee may be required.

309I.## Human Body and Mind (3) S
Prerequisites: Completion of the GE Foundation, the B.1.a. requirement in GE (life science with laboratory), and upper-division standing.
Facilitates understanding of human being as integrated physiological and psychological entity. Explains aspects of human body function, analyzes interaction in physiological and psychological terms and examines results of scientific research supporting concept of mind-body connections.
Not open for credit to students with credit in A/P 308I. (Lecture 3 hrs.)

312. Evolutionary Biology (3) F,S
Prerequisites: BIOL 211A,B with a grade of “C” or better, 260.
Survey of evolutionary biology including population genetics, speciation, origin of life, and phylogenetic analysis. Main emphasis is evolutionary mechanisms and methods of analysis on specific of the evolutionary history of life.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 3 hrs.)

313. Invertebrate Zoology (4) F
Prerequisites: BIOL 211A,B with grade of “C” or better.
Systematics, morphology, and natural history of invertebrate animals, with emphasis on local marine forms.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 2 hrs., laboratory and field 6 hrs.; weekend field trips may be required.) Course fee may be required.

316. General Entomology (4) F,S
Prerequisites: BIOL 211A,B with grade of “C” or better.
Characteristics, structure, habits, and life cycles of insects; importance of insects to humans and other organisms.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 2 hrs., laboratory 6 hrs.) Course fee may be required.

324. Vertebrate Zoology (4) F,S
Prerequisites: BIOL 211A,B with grade of “C” or better.
Phylogenetic survey of vertebrates (craniates). Lecture concentrates on origin and radiation of vertebrates and their functional morphology. Laboratory concentrates on skeletal and internal anatomy and taxonomy to the ordinal and familial level of living vertebrates.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 2 hrs., laboratory 6 hrs.) Course fee may be required.

328. Plants and Human Affairs (3)
Prerequisites: BIOL 211A,B with grade of “C” or better.
Economic and social role of plants and plant products in our civilization from a botanical perspective. Emphasis on the origins, methods of processing and uses of plants.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 3 hrs.)

332. Comparative Vertebrate Morphology (4)
Prerequisites: BIOL 211A,B with grade of “C” or better.
Evolutionary history of vertebrate structure. Lecture emphasizes gross adult structure and embryonic origin and microanatomy. Laboratory focuses on comparative anatomy of shark, salamander, and mammal.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 2 hrs., laboratory 6 hrs.) Course fee may be required.

340. Molecular Cell Biology (3) F,S
Prerequisites: BIOL 211A,B with a grade of “C” or better; CHEM 320A or 327.
Detailed study of the organization and functioning of cells and cellular organelles at the molecular level; emphasis on experimental approaches and structural/functional relationships.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 3 hrs.)

341. Physiology for Therapists I (4) F,S
Prerequisites: BIOL 211A,B; CHEM 111A,B; PHYS 100A,B; 100 hours of documented exposure to the practice of physical therapy in a variety of settings; and consent of instructor.
Mechanisms of action and interaction of physiological body systems with emphasis on nervous and endocrine systems and skeletal and smooth muscle. Pathological and clinical considerations presented.
Not open for credit to students with credit in A/P 341 or 307. Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 3 hrs., laboratory 3 hrs.) Course fee may be required.

342. Mammalian Physiology (3) F,S
Prerequisites: BIOL 211A,B with a grade of “C” or better. Recommended: PHYS 100A,B.
Function of various mammalian body systems, primarily of humans. Emphasis on integration of homeostatic mechanisms of nervous, muscular, endocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, digestive, and reproductive systems.
Not open for credit to students with credit in A/P 342. Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 3 hrs.)

342L. Laboratory in Physiology (1) F,S
Prerequisites: BIOL 342 (may be taken concurrently.)
Experiments and exercises designed to provide experience in, and illustration of, physiological principles and mechanisms of interaction among various body systems.
Not open for credit to students with credit in A/P 342L. Letter grade only (A-F). (Laboratory 3 hrs.) Course fee may be required.

*345. Comparative Animal Physiology (3) F,S
Prerequisites: BIOL 211A,B with a grade of “C” or better.
Comparison of fundamental physiological processes of major animal phyla.
Not open for credit to students with credit in A/P 340. Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 3 hrs.)

*345L. Laboratory in Comparative Animal Physiology (1) F,S
Prerequisites: BIOL 345 (may be taken concurrently.)
Laboratory course acquaints students with direct observation and measurement of physiological processes in various animal groups, both invertebrate and vertebrate.
Not open for credit to students with credit in A/P 340L. Letter grade only (A-F). (Laboratory 3 hrs.) Course fee may be required

350. General Ecology (3) F,S
Prerequisite: BIOL 211A,B with grade of “C” or better, 260; MATH 112 or 117 or 119A or 122.
Chemistry and physics recommended. Relationships of plants and animals to their physical and biological environment; structure and function of populations, communities and ecosystems.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 3 hrs., and two required Saturday field trips.)

353. Marine Biology (3) F
Prerequisites: BIOL 153, both 211A,B with grade of “C” or better, and 260.
Study of pelagic and benthic marine ecosystems, including food resources, mariculture, and pollution. Weekend field trips may be required.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 2 hrs., laboratory and field 3 hrs.) Course fee may be required.

355. Microbial Ecology (3) S
Prerequisites: MICR 211 or BIOL 211B with a grade of “C” or better.
Explores relationships of microorganisms to their environment. Emphasis placed on ecological basis for diversity of prokaryotic forms, metabolic functions and community interactions.
Same course as MICR 355. Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 3 hrs.)

355L. Microbial Ecology Laboratory (1) S
Prerequisite or corequisite: MICR 355 or BIOL 355.
Provides an understanding of microbes in the environment. Sample and analyze microbes from field trips to different habitats. Analytical techniques learned include enrichment culture methods and modern molecular biology methods to study the diversity and community dynamics of microbes.
Same course as MICR 355L. Letter grade only (A-F). (Laboratory 3 hrs.)

370. General Genetics (4) F,S
Prerequisites: BIOL 211A,B with grades of “C” or better and either BIOL 260 or CHEM 441B.
Detailed study of classical transmission genetics and introduction to modern molecular genetics. Includes current observations and concepts of nature, organization, function, and regulation of genetic expression.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 3 hrs., laboratory 3 hrs.) Course fee may be required.

411./511. Marine Mammalogy (3) S, odd years
Prerequisites: BIOL 153 or 353, BIOL 345, 350, all with grade of “C” or better, and consent of instructor. (Undergraduates enroll in BIOL 411; graduates enroll in BIOL 511.)
Fundamental biological, ecological, and physiological concepts of marine mammals, including cetaceans, pinnipeds, walruses, sirenians, and polar bears. Information concerning taxonomy, distribution, morphology, physiology, reproduction, and feeding through readings and scientific literature.
Fieldtrips may include weekends and spring recess. Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 2 hrs., laboratory and fieldtrips 3 hrs.)

415./515. Marine Microbiology (3) F, odd years
Prerequisites: BIOL 353 or MICR 355 or BIOL 355 with a grade of “C” or better. (Undergraduates enroll in BIOL 415; graduates enroll in BIOL 515.)
Designed to familiarize microbiology and marine biology students with the role of microorganisms in the marine environment. Topics will include ecology, physiology, biogeochemistry and diversity of marine microbes. Laboratory/field component will emphasize examination and cultivation of local marine microbes.
Same course as MICR 415. Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 2 hrs., laboratory and field 3 hrs., weekend field trip may be required.)

*419. Ichthyology (3) F
Prerequisites: BIOL 211A,B, 260, and at least six additional units of upper division biological science, all with a grade of “C” or better. Recommended: BIOL 350, 353, and 370.
Systematics, morphology, genetics, and ecology of fishes. Emphasis on local marine forms.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 2 hrs., laboratory 3 hrs., weekend field trips may be required.) Course fee may be required.

420./520. Fisheries Ecology and Conservation (3) F
Prerequisites: BIOL 260, 350, and 419. (Undergraduates enroll in BIOL 420; graduates enroll in BIOL 520.)
Advanced aspects of fish and invertebrate biology and behavior; fisheries economics and conservation; emphasis on state-of-art field/laboratory techniques and contemporary concepts and their application in fishery management.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 2 hrs., laboratory and field 3 hrs.)

*421. Herpetology (3) S, odd years
Prerequisites: BIOL 211A,B, 260, with grades of “C” or better, and eight units of upper division biology.
Taxonomy, natural history, ecology and distribution of amphibians and reptiles, emphasis on local forms. Weekend field trip required.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 2 hrs., laboratory and field 3 hrs.)

422./522. Methods in Avian Ecology and Conservation (3) S, even years
Prerequisites: BIOL 260, 350. (Undergraduates enroll in BIOL 422; graduates enroll in BIOL 522.)
Research methods (population density estimation, biacoustics, phylogenetic methods, zonation of protected areas to reduce human disturbance, etc.) used in avian ecology and conservation, including the use of the ornithology museum as a research and educational resource.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 2 hrs., laboratory/field 3 hrs.)

*423. Mammalogy (3) F, even years
Prerequisites: BIOL 260, either 324 or 332, and one of 312, 350, all with grades of “C” or better.
Phylogenetic survey world’s living mammals. Lecture emphasizes radiation of orders; families; their morphology, physiology, and behavior laboratory emphasizes external and skeletal morphology of these same taxa and identification of California species.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 2 hrs., laboratory 3 hrs.)

424./524. Ornithology (3) S
Prerequisites: BIOL 211A,B, BIOL 260, and three units of upper division BIOL. Recommended: BIOL 350. (Undergraduates enroll in BIOL 424; graduates enroll in BIOL 524.)
Ecology, morphology, physiology, behavior, and taxonomy of birds from an evolutionary perspective, also factors influencing recent increase in their extinction risk. Species identification techniques (emphasis on the local avifauna) and methods of surveying avian populations.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 2 hrs., laboratory/field 3 hrs.) Course fee may be required.

*425. Phycology (3) F
Prerequisites: One of the following BIOL 313, 350, 353 with a grade of “C” or better.
Taxonomy, phylogeny, and physiology of algae, including the physiological ecology of marine macroalgae; emphasis on local marine forms.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 2 hrs., laboratory and field 3 hrs.) Course fee may be required.

*427. Taxonomy of Vascular Plants (4) S
Prerequisite: BIOL 211A,B with grade of “C” or better.
Principles and methods of vascular plant systematics, including history, nomenclature, and phylogeny; laboratory emphasis is on the identification and classification of native and introduced plants of Southern California.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 2 hrs., laboratory and field 6 hrs.)

428./528. Biology of the Giant Kelp (3) S
Prerequisites: BIOL 353, 425, or 439 with a grade of “C” or better. (Undergraduates enroll in BIOL 428; graduates enroll in BIOL 528.)
Physiology, reproductive biology, anatomy, taxonomy, and ecology of ecologically and economically important kelp genus Macrocystis.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 3 hrs.)

433./533. Developmental Biology (3) S
Prerequisites: BIOL 370; CHEM 320A,B. (Undergraduates enroll in BIOL 433; graduates enroll in BIOL 533.)
Current topics and experimental approaches in cell differentiation and development, emphasis on examination of these processes at the molecular level. Topics include gametogenesis, fertilization, differential gene expression, and role of oncogenes in development.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture/discussion 3 hrs.)

*439. Plant Morphology (4) F
Prerequisite: BIOL 211A,B with grade of “C” or better.
Comparative structure, life history and phylogenetic relationships of plants.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 2 hrs., laboratory 6 hrs.) Course fee may be required.

*440L. Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory (3) F
Prerequisites: BIOL 340, 370, both with a grade of “C” or better. (Preference given to students in the Bachelor of Science in Biology, Option in Cell and Molecular Biology.)
Intensive course of modern laboratory techniques used in both cell and molecular biology. Topics include genomics, subcellular structure and transport, and purification and functional characterization of recombinant proteins. Provides extensive laboratory experience for students.
Not open for credit to students with credit in BIOL 340L. Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 1 hr., laboratory 6 hrs.) Course fee may be required.

*441. Physiology for Therapists II (3) F,S
Prerequisites: BIOL 341.
Mechanisms of action and interaction of physiological body systems with emphasis on cardiovascular, renal, and respiratory systems. Pathological and clinical considerations will be presented.
Not open for credit to students with credit in A/P 441. Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 3 hrs.)

442./542. Neurophysiology (3)
Prerequisites: PHYS 100A,B; BIOL 342, 345. (Undergraduates enroll in BIOL 442; graduates enroll in BIOL 542.)
Study of mechanisms by which excitable cells function and sensory motor, and integrative systems in which they participate. Representative examples selected from vertebrate and invertebrate phyla.
Not open for credit to students with credit in A/P 442/542. Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 3 hrs.)

443./543. Endocrinology (3) S
Prerequisites: BIOL 340 or CHEM 441B; CHEM 320A or 327; and one of BIOL 341, 342, 345, 445, 448; CHEM 441A or 448. (Undergraduates enroll in BIOL 443; graduates enroll in BIOL 543.)
Role of endocrines in vertebrate and invertebrate adjustment to changes in internal and external environment.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 3 hrs.)

444./544. Reproductive Biology (3) S
Prerequisites: BIOL 342 or 345. (Undergraduates enroll in BIOL 444; graduates enroll in BIOL 544.)
Topics in comparative reproductive biology from molecular, cellular, organismal, and population levels. Hormones and reproduction, gamete/gonad biology, reproductive lifespan, mating system/strategies, environmental influence on reproductive capabilities, contraception/in vitro fertilization. Scientific communication discussed including scientific articles and scientific writing.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 3 hrs.)

445./545. Metabolic Regulation (3) F
Prerequisites: CHEM 441B or BIOL 443 or 543. (Undergraduates enroll in BIOL 445; graduates enroll in BIOL 545.)
Study of molecular mechanisms by which intermediary metabolism is regulated in various mammalian tissues with emphasis on mechanisms of hormone action and regulation of some key enzymes of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism.
Not open for credit to students with credit in A/P 445/545. Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 3 hrs.)

446./546. Respiratory and Renal Physiology (3) F
Prerequisites: BIOL 342 or 345; PHYS 100A,B. (Undergraduates enroll in BIOL 446; graduates enroll in BIOL 546.)
Functions of and interactions between the respiratory and renal systems of mammals.
Not open for credit to students with credit in A/P 446/546. Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 3 hrs.)

447./547. Molecular Plant Physiology (3) S
Prerequisites: BIOL 340, 370, both with grade of “C” or better. (Undergraduates enroll in BIOL 447; graduates enroll in BIOL 547.)
Molecular approaches to classical topics including plant hormones, photosynthesis, resistance to plant pathogens, adaptation of plants to environmental stress, and development of plants.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 3 hrs.)

448./548. Cell and Molecular Neurobiology (3) S
Prerequisites: BIOL 340 or CHEM 441B and one of BIOL 341, 342, or 345. (Undergraduates enroll in BIOL 448; graduates enroll in BIOL 548.)
Study of molecular, cellular, and developmental principles underlying function of the nervous system in control of physiological and behavioral processes. Focus on mechanisms of electrical signaling and principles of synaptic biochemistry, development, and plasticity.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 3 hrs.)

449./549. Fish Physiology and Endocrinology (3) F, even years
Prerequisites: BIOL 345 with grade of “C” or better. (Undergraduates enroll in BIOL 449; graduates enroll in BIOL 549.)
Fundamentals of physiological systems and strategies in fishes, with emphasis on endocrine regulatory mechanisms. Adaptations in endocrine physiology of fishes considered from evolutionary and ecological perspectives. Impacts of human activities, particularly in context of Southern California’s marine environment addressed.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 3 hrs.)

450./550. Plant Ecology (3) S, odd years
Prerequisites: BIOL 260, 350. Recommended: BIOL 427, 447. (Undergraduates enroll in BIOL 450; graduates enroll in BIOL 550.)
Relationship of plants to their environment and principles of plant distribution.
Letter grade only (A-F) (Lecture 2 hrs., laboratory and field 3 hrs.) Course fee may be required.

451./551. Wetlands and Mangrove Ecology (3) S, even years
Prerequisites: BIOL 260, 350. (Undergraduates enroll in BIOL 451; graduates enroll in BIOL 551.)
Wetlands and mangrove ecology in shaping wetland ecosystem types. Physical and biogeochemical conditions, biological characteristics, specific players, and their interactions. Specific coastal and inland wetland ecosystems descriptions. Wetland management goals and concepts and approaches and practices in U.S. and world. Two lectures will extend beyond standard lecture time.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture, 3 hrs.)

452./552. Behavioral Ecology (3) F
Prerequisites: BIOL 211A,B, 260. Pre- or corequisite: BIOL 312 or BIOL 350. (Undergraduates enroll in BIOL 452; graduates enroll in BIOL 552.)
Primary objectives are to understand how animal behavior affects survival and reproduction and introduce students to current methodologies to study behavior of animals in lab and field conditions. Emphasizes ecological and evolutionary consequences of behavior across taxa.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 2 hrs., laboratory/field 3 hrs.)

453./553. Insect Ecology (3) F, even years
Prerequisites: BIOL 350 with a grade of “C” or better. (Undergraduates enroll in BIOL 453; graduates enroll in BIOL 553.)
Field and experimental studies of abundance, dispersal, distribution, and behavior of insects.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 2 hrs., laboratory and field 3 hrs.) Course fee may be required.

454A./554A. Research in Tropical Marine Ecology (3) S, even years
Prerequisites: BIOL 260, either 350 or 353, and 313 or 419 or 425; and consent of instructor. (Undergraduates register in BIOL 454A; graduates register in BIOL 554A.)
Field and laboratory studies, lectures, and individual research on tropical marine biological problems. Designed to engage students in experimental research, including: recognizing a problem, designing and carrying out a project, statistical data analysis, and oral and written report presentation.
Eight-day field trip to Hawaii required during spring recess at student expense. Enrollment is limited. Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 2 hrs., 8 day field trip.)

454B./554B. Research in Tropical Terrestrial Ecology (3) S, odd years
Prerequisites: BIOL 350; one of BIOL 316, 324, 421, 424, 427, or 439; and consent of instructor. (Undergraduates enroll in BIOL 454B; graduates enroll in BIOL 554B.)
Field-based comparison of tropical lowland deciduous forest and lowland rainforest incorporating basic ecology methodology. Forest structure and diversity of animals emphasized. Students maintain field notebook, submit final paper, and give oral presentation.
Nine-day fieldtrip to Costa Rica required during spring recess at student expense. Enrollment is limited. Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 2 hr., 9 day field trip.)

455./555. Ecology of Marine Communities (3) F
Prerequisites: BIOL 260, 350, 353. (Undergraduates enroll in BIOL 455; graduates enroll in BIOL 555.)
Field studies on ecological principles related to marine communities discussed. Includes individual field research project and two class projects.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 2 hrs., field 3 hrs.)

456./556. Population Ecology (3) S, even years
Prerequisites: BIOL 350, MATH 119B or 123. (Undergraduates enroll in BIOL 456; graduates in BIOL 556.)
Analysis of animal and plant populations characteristics: population growth and regulation, fluctuation and regulation, competition, predation, parasitism, and other intraspecific and interspecific interactions; spatial patterns.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 3 hrs.)

457./557. Field Methods in Ecology (3) S, odd years
Prerequisites: BIOL 260, 350. (Undergraduates enroll in BIOL 457; graduates in BIOL 557.)
Design of field research projects, collection, and data analysis, report writings and presentations. Field sampling techniques emphasized. Five weekend fieldtrips required.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 2 hrs., laboratory and field 3 hrs.)

459./559. Conservation Biology (3) F
Prerequisites: BIOL 260, 350. Recommended: BIOL 370. (Undergraduates enroll in BIOL 459; graduates enroll in BIOL 559.)
Conservation biology concepts including population dynamics, extinction processes, population viability analyses, metapopulations, community-level interactions, island biogeography, biological diversity patterns, habitat fragmentation, reserve design, and landscape-level conservation. Lecture includes group discussions of relevant primary literature.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 3 hrs., two weekend field trips may be required.)

463./563. Computer Modeling in Biology (4) F
Prerequisites: BIOL 260, 350. (Undergraduates enroll in BIOL 463; graduates enroll in BIOL 563.)
History, modeling theory, different modeling approaches, theoretical, empirical and quantitative modeling. Laboratory uses modeling software and focuses on model construction and quantitative simulation. Applicable to ecology, microbiology, physiology, environmental sciences, etc.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 3 hrs., laboratory 3 hrs.) Course fee may be required.

464./564. Aquatic Toxicology (3) S
Prerequisites: BIOL 211A,B, 340; CHEM 320A or 327, all with grade of “C” or better. BIOL 353 and CHEM 448 or 441A,B recommended. (Undergraduates enroll in BIOL 464; graduates enroll in BIOL 564.)
In depth study of interactions between anthropogenic chemicals and aquatic ecosystems, including origin, fate, chemical and biological detection, and quantification of pollutants and impact at molecular, biochemical, cellular, physiological, organismal, and community levels of organization. Individual research project required.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 3 hrs.)

465./565. Experimental Design and Regression Analysis (4) F, even years
Prerequisites: BIOL 260; MATH 119B or 123; six units of upper division biological science or consent of instructor. (Undergraduates enroll in BIOL 465; graduates enroll in BIOL 565.)
Experimental design and data analysis techniques applied to problems in biology including analysis of variance and covariance, bivariate and multiple regression, experimental design, bootstrapping and randomization tests, and nonparametric statistics. Experience in analyzing biological data using computerized statistical packages.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 3 hrs., laboratory 3 hrs.)

466H. Research Design and Methods – Honors (3) S
Prerequisites: BIOL 211A, B, either BIOL 260 or CHEM 251, CHEM 320A, B, all with a grade of “C” or better, completion of the GE Foundation, and consent of instructor.
Introduction to hypothesis testing, experimental design, and regression modeling of biological data; methodological and technical procedures for experimentation; and techniques for written and oral presentation of research results. Research paper and oral presentation required.
Same course as CHEM 466H. Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 3 hours).

467./567. Multivariate Data Analysis (4) F, odd years
Prerequisites: BIOL 260; MATH 119B or 123; six units of upper division biological science or consent of instructor. (Undergraduates enroll in BIOL 467; graduates enroll in BIOL 567.)
Multivariate data analysis techniques applied to biological data. Applied matrix algebra for analyzing and understanding multivariate analysis. Includes principal components analysis, factor analysis, discriminant analysis, cluster analysis and current modern phylogenetic analysis techniques. Analyzing multivariate biological data using computerized statistical packages.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 3 hrs., laboratory 3 hrs.)

473./573. Molecular Genetics (3) S
Prerequisites: BIOL 370 or MICR 371; CHEM 327 or 320A,B. Recommended: MICR 372. (Undergraduates enroll in BIOL 473; graduates enroll in BIOL 573.)
Contemporary molecular genetic analysis of model organisms (mouse, worm, flies, yeasts) used in study of human disease, basic biological processes, gene regulation, and global analysis of genomes and proteomes.
Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 3 hrs.)

477./577. Biotechnology: Applications of Molecular Techniques and Bioinformatics (4)
Prerequisites: BIOL 340 or 370 or CHEM 441A,B ; all with a grade of “C” or better. (Undergraduates register in BIOL 477; graduates register in BIOL 577.)
Theory and techniques for isolating, amplifying, and analyzing genes, genomes, transcripts, and proteins. Data-mining, the use of computers in experimental design and/or functional analysis, use of microarrays, and future of nanotechnology.
(Lecture 3 hrs., activity 2 hrs.) Letter grade only (A-F).

480./580. Seminars (1) F,S
Prerequisites: BIOL 211A,B with grade of “C” or better. (Undergraduates enroll in BIOL 480; graduates enroll in BIOL 580.)
Weekly meetings with professional biologists presenting results of their research. Requires participation in organization and critical evaluation of these presentations.
May not be repeated for credit towards any single degree. Letter grade only (A-F) (Seminar 1 hr.)

490./590. Special Topics in Biology (1-3)
Prerequisites: BIOL 211A,B, with grade of “C” or better, and consent of instructor. (Undergraduates enroll in BIOL 490; graduates enroll in BIOL 590.)
Topics from selected areas of biology. Course content varies from section to section.
May be repeated to a maximum of 6 units with different topics. Topics announced in the Schedule of Classes. Letter grade only (A-F). (Lecture 1-3 hrs.)

490L./590L. Special Topics Laboratory in Biology (1-2)
Prerequisites: BIOL 211A, B, with grade of “C” or better, and consent of instructor. (Undergraduates enroll in BIOL 490L; graduates enroll in BIOL 590L.)
Topics from selected areas of biology Course content varies from section to section.
May be repeated to a maximum of 4 units with different topics. Topics announced in the Schedule of Classes. Letter grade only (A-F). (Laboratory 3 or 6 hrs.) Course fee may be required.

495. Instruction in Laboratory Teaching (1-2) F,S
Prerequisites: Consent of lecture instructor, a “B” or better in the course in which the student elects to do BIOL 495 (another course with laboratory may be substituted with consent of instructor), and an overall GPA of at least 2.75.
Individual instruction in organization and techniques of teaching a biology laboratory.
May be repeated for a letter grade and degree credit to a maximum of 2 units for any single degree or option. Units beyond the two taken for a letter grade in BIOL 495 or MICR 495 or any combination of the two will be taken credit/no credit. Same course as MICR 495. (Conference 1 hr., laboratory 3 hrs. per unit.) May be repeated to a maximum of 2 units.

496. Undergraduate Directed Research (1-3) F,S
Prerequisites: Consent of instructor and consent of appropriate undergraduate advisor.
Research in a specific topic in biological sciences approved and directed by a faculty member in the Department of Biological Sciences.
May be repeated for a letter grade and degree credit to a maximum of three units for any single degree or option. Units beyond the three taken for a letter grade in BIOL 496 or MICR 496, or any combination of the two, will be taken credit/no credit. Same course as MICR 496. Not available to graduate students. (Conference 1 hr., laboratory 3 hrs. per unit.)

498H. Senior Thesis – Honors (3)
Prerequisites: At least one unit of BIOL 496 and consent of instructor.
Planning, preparation, completion, and oral presentation of a written thesis based on a research project in biological sciences begun in BIOL/MICR 496. Not available to graduate students.
Letter grade only (A-F).